Ph©n tõ 2 më ®Çu mÖnh ®Ò phô ®Ó chØ bÞ ®éng
XuÊt ph¸t tõ cÊu tróc trªn (ë thÓ bÞ ®éng ) ngêi ta bá having been ®i vµ chØ gi÷ l¹i Past participle (P2)
Incorrect : Found in Tanzania by Mary Leaky, some archaeologists estimated that the three million year old fossils were the oldest human remains to be discovered.
Correct : Found in Tanzania by Mary Leaky, the three million year old fossils were estimated to be the oldest human remains to be discovered.
Incorrect : Attacked by an angry mob, the gashes in the boy’s throat were life-threatening.
(Lu ý r»ng attacked cã cïng nghÜa víi having been attacked. Chñ ng÷ thùc cña ®éng tõ attacked lµ the boy; v× vËy, viÖc ¸m chØ tíi nã ph¶i xuÊt hiÖn ngay sau dÊu phÈy.)
Correct : Attacked by an angry mob, the boy suffered life-threatening gashes in his throat.
§éng tõ nguyªn thÓ chØ môc ®Ých më ®Çu cho mÖnh ®Ò phô
VÝ dô:
Incorrect : To prevent cavities, dental floss should be used daily after brushing one’s teeth.
Correct : To prevent cavities, one should use dental floss daily after brushing one’s teeth.
Ng÷ danh tõ hoÆc ng÷ giíi tõ më ®Çu mÖnh ®Ò phô chØ sù t¬ng øng.
VÝ dô:
Incorrect : A competitive sport, gymnast has to perform before a panel of judges who use their knowledge to determine which participant will win.
Correct : In a competitive sport, gymnast has to perform before a panel of judges who use their knowledge to determine which participant will win.
§iÒu cÇn lu ý nhÊt khi sö dông lo¹i mÉu c©u nµy lµ chñ ng÷ cña mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ph¶i lµ chñ ng÷ cña mÖnh ®Ò phô.
Ph©n tõ dïng lµm tÝnh tõ Dïng ph©n tõ 1 lµm tÝnh tõ
Ph©n tõ 1 ®îc dïng lµm tÝnh tõ khi nã ®¸p øng ®Çy ®ñ c¸c ®iÒu kiÖn sau:
§øng ngay tríc danh tõ mµ nã bæ nghÜa.
§éng tõ kh«ng ®ßi hái mét t©n ng÷ nµo (néi ®éng tõ).
Hµnh ®éng ph¶i ë thÕ chñ ®éng
Hµnh ®éng ®ang ë thÓ tiÕp diÔn.
Dïng ph©n tõ 2 lµm tÝnh tõ
Ph©n tõ 2 ®îc dïng lµm tÝnh tõ khi nã ®¸p øng ®Çy ®ñ nh÷ng ®iÒu kiÖn sau:
§øng ngay tríc danh tõ mµ nã bæ nghÜa
Hµnh ®éng ph¶i ë thÓ bÞ ®éng
Hµnh ®éng ®ã ph¶i x¶y ra tríc hµnh ®éng cña mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh.
Lu ý: Mét sè c¸c ®éng tõ nh to interest, to bore, excited vµ frighten. Khi dïng ph¶i cÈn thËn xem hµnh ®éng ®ã ë chñ ®éng hay bÞ ®éng.
Thõa (redundancy)
Mét c©u trong ®ã th«ng tin trong c©u ®îc lÆp l¹i mµ kh«ng cÇn thiÕt ®îc gäi lµ thõa. Sau ®©y lµ mét sè côm tõ thõa mµ ta cÇn biÕt ®Ó tr¸nh sö dông.
Advance forward
Proceed forward
Progress forward
return back
revert back
sufficent enough
compete together
reason ... because
Join together.
Repeat again
new innovations
matinee performance
same identical
two twins
the time when
the place wherre
|
advance, proceed, vµ progress tÊt c¶ nghÜa lµ “tiÕn lªn phÝa tríc”. V× vËy, forward lµ kh«ng cÇn thiÕt (thõa)
return vµ revert nghÜa lµ “trë vÒ hoÆc tr¶ l¹i” v× vËy back lµ kh«ng cÇn thiÕt (thõa)
c¸c tõ nµy lµ ®ång nghÜa. Nªn sö dông 1 trong 2.
B¶n th©n tõ compete nghÜa lµ “tham gia vµo cuéc thi ®Êu víi nh÷ng ngêi kh¸c”
C¸c tõ nµy chØ ra cïng 1 vÊn ®Ò. MÉu chuÈn lµ reason... that.
Join cã nghÜa lµ” ®em l¹i cho nhau”, “s¸t c¸nh bªn nhau”, hay “trë thµnh 1 bé phËn hay thµnh viªn cña ....“ nªn together ë ®©y lµ thõa.
B¶n th©n repeat cã nghÜa lµ “ nãi l¹i lÇn n÷a”, (re - lu«n cã nghÜa lµ again) nªn ë ®©y thõa again.
B¶n th©n innovation cã nghÜa lµ “ 1 ý tëng míi, 1 s¸ng kiÕn míi”
matinee nghÜa lµ” buæi biÓu diÔn ban chiÒu”. Nªn performance lµ thõa.
C¸c tõ nµy ®ång nghÜa.
Twins nghÜa lµ “ hai anh em hay 2 chÞ em”
Ngêi Anh kh«ng nãi the time when mµ chØ dïng 1 trong 2.
VÝ dô: It is the time you must leave.
Ngêi Anh kh«ng nãi the place where mµ chØ dïng 1 trong 2.
VÝ dô: It is the place I was born.
|
Mét sè vÝ dô:
The army advanced after the big battle.
Hay
The army moved forward after the big battle.
The peace talks advanced.
Hay
The peace talks progressed.
We have sufficent money to buy the new dress.
They have enough time to eat a sandwich before going to work.
The teacher proceeded to explain the lesson.
John and his brother are competing in the running games.
The teacher asked us to join the students who were cleaning the room.
Mary repeated the question slowly so that Jim would understand.
Besides the two evening showings, there will also be a matinee.
The reason I want to take that class is that the professor is supposed to be very eloquent.
(Lý do t«i tham dù vµo líp häc ®ã lµ «ng gi¸o s rÊt cã tµi hïng biÖn.)
This is where I left him.
That was the time I hit a home run.
Khi th«ng tin trong mét c©u ®îc ®a ra díi d¹ng liÖt kª ra hµng lo¹t th× c¸c thµnh phÇn ®îc liÖt kª ph¶i t¬ng ®¬ng víi nhau vÒ mÆt ng÷ ph¸p (danh - danh, tÝnh tõ - tÝnh tõ).
Nªn nhí r»ng th«ng thêng th× thµnh phÇn ®Çu tiªn sau ®éng tõ sÏ quyÕt ®Þnh c¸c thµnh phÇn cßn l¹i.
Tuy nhiªn nÕu thêi gian trong c©u kh¸c nhau th× c¸c hµnh ®éng trong c©u ph¶i theo quy luËt thêi gian vµ nguyªn t¾c song song kh«ng ®îc ¸p dông.
VÝ dô:
She is a senior, studies every day, and will graduate a semester early.
Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn: |