Present participle past participle

Choose between “must + have + Past participle” and “should + have + Past participle”

1. 
   Hendry was deported for having an expired visa. He (have)____________ his visa renewed.
   
2. 
   Julietta was absent for the first time yesterday. She (be)___________ sick.
   
3. 
   The photos are black. The X rays at the airport (damage)___________ it.
   
4. 
   Blanca got parking ticket. She (not, park)______________ in a reserved spot, since she had no permit.
   
5. 
   Mary did very well on the exam. She (study)_____________ very hard.
   
6. 
   Jean did very badly on the exam. She (study)_____________ harder.
   
7. 
   German called us as soon as his wife had her baby. He (be)____ very proud.
   
8. 
   John isn’t here yet. He (forget)______________ about our meeting.
   
9. 
   Alex failed the exam. He (not, study)_____________ enough.
   

• Tröôùc danh töø vaø phuï nghóa bò ñoäng cho danh töø ñoù.

A tired worker.

A written report.

A fallen tree.

• Sau ñoäng töø TO BE vaø caùc Linking verb (seem = appear = look; become = turn = grow = get; stay = remain)

The work remains undone.

The worker looks tired.

• Thay theá cho Subject + Passive verb gioáng nhö Present Participle thay theá cho Subject + Active verb.

 I often saw her at the disco, surrounded by her admirers.

He was loved by all who knew her. He devoted his life to others.

 Loved by all who knew her; he devoted his life to others.

Although it was intended to be a nice surprise, the party was not what I wanted at all.

 Although intended to be a nice surprise, the party was not what I wanted at all.

If I am accepted for the job, I’ll have to start at the beginning of next month.

 If accepted for the job, I’ll have to start at the beginning of next month.

The manuscript had been lost for many years when it suddently turned up again.

 (Having) lost for many years, the manuscript suddently turned up again.

• Being + past participle ñöôïc duøng sau after, before, when, since, while, on, by.

 After being cleaned, the bike looked as good as new.

Since the government was elected, it has had one crisis after another.

 Since being elected, the government has had one crisis after another.

When he was being questioned, he suddently burst into tears.

 When being questioned, he suddently burst into tears.

The message got across to people because it was repeated over and over again.

 The message got across to people by being repeated over and over again.

When the town is seen from the hill, it looks magnificent.

 When being seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent.

• Trong caùc caáu truùc bò ñoäng mang yù nghóa truyeàn khieán hay nhöõng ñoäng töø giaùc quan.

You must make yourself respected.

Have you ever seen a man hanged?

I heard my name called.

I want this work finished by 6 o’clock.

I got my hair cut yesterday.

I shall have the door painted green.

They will get you put in prison.

• Thay cho moät Adjective Clause.

 “Romeo and Juliet” written by Shakespear is the best tragedy I have ever seen

She is talking with the student who was praised by the teaching staff yesterday.

 She is talking with the student praised by the teaching staff yesterday.

1. 
   I was exhausted through lack of sleep and fell asleep at my desk.
   

2. 
   Peter was abandoned by his parents at an early age and took to stealing.
   
3. 
   Although it was written many years ago, the book is still relevant today.
   
4. 
   Since I was promoted, I’ve had no time to go out.
   
5. 
   The boy was taken from his parents at an early age. He had a very difficult life.
   
6. 
   The money was hidden in the cellar. It was not discovered for many years.
   
7. 
   He was frequently criticized for his self-centered attitude but was nonetheless very popular.
   
8. 
   After he was released from prison, Andy could not find a job anywhere.
   
9. 
   The committee meetings, which were always dominated by the same people, were slow-moving and ineffectual.
   
10. 
    When he was caught, he confessed everything. (On . . .)
    
11. 
    When it is seen from the outside, the building looks a mess, but it is lovely inside.
    
12. 
    If we are elected, we will increase the value of pensions.
    
13. 
    Although he was ridiculed by everybody, he continued to persuit his bizarre projects.
    
14. 
    Unless it is destroyed, this material could have damaging consequences.
    
15. 
    Jennifer had been shoplifting for many years before she was found out.
    

A) 1. I want to swim, but they do not allow (swim) in this lake.

2. Did you plan on (finish) this letter before the mailman came?

3. She tried (see) the manager in order to discuss the matter.

4. We avoided (drive) over unpaved road by taking the new highway.

5. I have to leave the house at seven o’clock (get) to work on time.

6. I should get my coat (clean).

7. That boy earns his living by (sell) papers.

8. The policeman made us (stop) our car.

9. Joseph wants to save his money (travel) next year.

10. I ask the man if he would mind (turn) off the radio.

B) 1. The farmer risks (lose) his crop if there is a drought.

2. They hope (build) a house at the beach next week.

3. We are very glad (be) here.

4. When questioned, the students denied (play) the practical joke.

5. I often dream of (go) on a trip to Spain.

6. Why do they object to (smoke) here?

7. The manager let us (leave) work early the day before the holiday.

8. Do you see the man (talk) to Mr. Hall?

9. I must start soon (get) there before dark.

1. 
   While walking down the street toward my dentist’s office, I muttered (encouraged, encouraging) words to myself (to keep, keeping) up my courage. Like most people; I avoided (to face, facing) the dentist’s drill and endeavored (to postpone, postponing) the (feared, fearing) ordeal as long as possible. But yesterday, when a molar started to ache, I decided it was time (to see, seeing) the dentist. If I postponed (to keep, keeping) my appointment again, I would risk (to lose, losing) a tooth.
   
2. 
   The tennis champion has been asked (to play, playing) an exhibition game at the Tennis Club next Sunday. Everyone (interested, interesting) in this sport should certainly plan on (to attend, attending). Watching a fine player is a good way of (improving, improve) one’s own game. In addition, there is much pleasure in (seeing, see) someone do something expertly. I am certainly looking forward to (watching, watch) the champion (to play, play).
   
3. 
   On a noon broadcast today I heard the news of a (damaged, damaging) earthquake in Greece. (Hear, Hearing) that made me (wonder, to wonder) about how the people there might have acted during the earthquake.
   

1. 
   Gold is a metal (dig) out of the earth.
   
2. 
   There is now scent in the (fade) rose this morning.
   
3. 
   He is a (bore) lecturer, and the audience is usually (bore).
   
4. 
   (Walk) along the street, I met a friend.
   
5. 
   He found the fire (burn) brightly.
   
6. 
   They found the house (burn) down.
   
7. 
   I heard him (play) the “Moonlight Sonata”
   
8. 
   I heard the “Moonlight Sonata” (play) by Mr. Smith.
   
9. 
   It is really (surprise) news and we are (surprise).
   
10. 
    That (escape) prisoner will be arrested again.
    

1. 
   That man was a famous teacher. Now, he does not teach anymore. He is a (retire) teacher.
   
2. 
   (Admit) what you say, I still think that you make a mistake.
   
3. 
   (Be) tired with the toil, he sat down to rest.
   
4. 
   It is a picture of (fall) angels.
   
5. 
   He is a good-(look) man.
   
6. 
   It is an (excite) story. We were (excite) when we read it.
   
7. 
   The Labor candidate was not elected. He was a (fail) candidate.
   
8. 
   Our (depart) guest has just said good-bye to us.
   
9. 
   That much-(praise) man proved to be a scoundrel.
   
10. 
    The (return) soldier seemed to be sad.