Th«ng tin trùc tiÕp vµ th«ng tin gi¸n tiÕp C©u trùc tiÕp vµ c©u gi¸n tiÕp
Trong c©u trùc tiÕp th«ng tin ®i tõ ngêi thø nhÊt ®Õn ngêi thø 2.
VÝ dô:
He said “ I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday”
Cßn trong c©u gi¸n tiÕp, th«ng tin ®i tõ ngêi thø nhÊt qua ngêi thø 2 vµ ®Õn ngêi thø 3. Do vËy cã sù biÕn ®æi vÒ mÆt ng÷ ph¸p.
VÝ dô:
He said he had bought a new motorbike for myself the day before.
Ph¬ng ph¸p chuyÓn ®æi tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp
Khi chuyÓn ®æi tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp cÇn ph¶i:
Ph¸ bá ngoÆc kÐp, chuyÓn ®æi toµn bé c¸c ®¹i tõ nh©n xng theo ng«i chñ ng÷ thø nhÊt sang ®¹i tõ nh©n xng ng«i thø 3.
Lïi ®éng tõ ë vÕ thø 2 xuèng 1 cÊp so víi ë møc ban ®Çu (lïi vÒ thêi).
ChuyÓn ®æi tÊt c¶ c¸c ®¹i tõ chØ thÞ, phã tõ chØ thêi gian theo b¶ng quy ®Þnh.
B¶ng ®æi ®éng tõ
Direct speech
|
Indirect speech
|
Simple present
|
Simple past
|
Present progressive
|
Past progressive
|
Present perfect
(Progressive)
|
Past perfect
(Progressive)
|
Simple past
|
Past perfect
|
will /shall
|
would / should
|
Can / may
|
Could / might
|
B¶ng ®æi c¸c lo¹i tõ kh¸c.
This, these
|
That, those
|
here, overhere
|
there, overthere
|
today
|
that day
|
yesterday
|
the day before
|
the day before yesterday
|
two days before
|
tomorrow
|
the following day/ the next day
|
the day after tomorrow
|
in two days’ time
|
next + thêi gian (week, year ...)
|
the following + thêi gian (week, year...)
|
last + thêi gian (week, year ...)
|
the privious + thêi gain (week, year...)
|
thêi gian + ago
|
thêi gian + before/ the privious +thêi gian
|
- NÕu lµ nãi vµ thuËt l¹i x¶y ra trong cïng mét ngµy th× kh«ng cÇn ph¶i ®æi thêi gian.
VÝ dô:
At breakfast this morning he said “ I will be very busy today”
At breakfast this morning he said he would be very busy today.
- ViÖc ®iÒu chØnh logic tÊt nhiªn lµ cÇn thiÕt nÕu lêi nãi ®îc thuËt l¹i sau ®ã 1 hoÆc 2 ngµy.
VÝ dô:
thø 2 Jack nãi víi Tom:
I’m leaving the day after tomorrow. (tøc lµ thø 4 Jack sÏ rêi ®i)
NÕu Tom thuËt l¹i lêi nãi cña Jack vµo ngµy h«m sau (tøc lµ thø 3) th× Tom sÏ nãi:
Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
NÕu Tom thuËt l¹i lêi nãi cña Jack vµo ngµy tiÕp theo (ngµy thø 4) th× Tom sÏ nãi:
Jack said he was leaving today.
§éng tõ víi t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp vµ t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp.
Trong tiÕng Anh cã nh÷ng lo¹i ®éng tõ (trong b¶ng sau)cã 2 t©n ng÷ vµ ®ång thêi còng cã 2 c¸ch dïng.
-
Bring
build
buy
cut
draw
feed
tell
|
find
get
give
hand
leave
lend
write
|
make
offer
owe
paint
pass
pay
|
promiss
read
sell
send
show
teach
|
- C¸ch dïng gi¸n tiÕp ®Æt t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp sau ®éng tõ råi ®Õn giíi tõ for, to vµ t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp (c«ng thøc sau.)
-
for
Subject + verb + t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp + + t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp
to
|
- C¸ch dïng trùc tiÕp ®Æt t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp ngay sau ®éng tõ vµ sau ®ã ®Õn t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp, giíi tõ to vµ for mÊt ®i, c«ng thøc sau:
-
Subject + verb + t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp + t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp
|
- NÕu c¶ 2 t©n ng÷ ®Òu lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n xng th× kh«ng ®îc dïng c«ng thøc trùc tiÕp (tøc lµ c«ng thøc thø nhÊt ®îc sö dông).
VÝ dô:
Correct : They gave it to us.
Incorrect: They gave us it.
- §éng tõ to introduce vµ to mention kh«ng bao giê ®îc dïng c«ng thøc trùc tiÕp mµ ph¶i dïng c«ng thøc gi¸n tiÕp.
To introduce sb/smth to sb
to mention smth to sb
Mét sè thÝ dô bæ trî
John gave the essay to his teacher.
John gave his teacher the essay.
The little boy brought some flowers for his grandmother.
The little boy brought his grandmother some flowers.
I fixed a drink for Maria.
I fixed Maria a drink.
He drew a picture for his mother.
He drew his mother a picture.
He lent his car to his bother.
He lent his brother his car.
We owe several thousand dollars to the bank.
We owe the bank several thousand dollars.
Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn: |