CỤC ĐƯỜng thủy nộI ĐỊa việt nam giáo trình đÀo tạo thuyền trưỞng hạng ba môn tiếng anh cơ BẢN
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- Điều hướng trang này:
- LỜI GIỚI THIỆU
- 1.1 English letters
- 1.1.1 Vowels
- 1.1.2 Consonants
- 1.2 Phonetic symbols
BỘ GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI CỤC ĐƯỜNG THỦY NỘI ĐỊA VIỆT NAM 
GIÁO TRÌNH ĐÀO TẠO THUYỀN TRƯỞNG HẠNG BA MÔN TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN Năm 2014 LỜI GIỚI THIỆUThực hiện chương trình đổi mới nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa quy định tại Thông tư số 57/2014/TT-BGTVT ngày 24 tháng 10 năm 2014 của Bộ trưởng Bộ Giao thông vận tải. Để từng bước hoàn thiện giáo trình đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa, cập nhật những kiến thức và kỹ năng mới. Cục Đường thủy nội địa Việt Nam tổ chức biên soạn “Giáo trình tiếng Anh cơ bản”. Đây là tài liệu cần thiết cho cán bộ, giáo viên và học viên nghiên cứu, giảng dạy, học tập. Trong quá trình biên soạn không tránh khỏi những thiếu sót, Cục Đường thủy nội địa Việt Nam mong nhận được ý kiến đóng góp của Quý bạn đọc để hoàn thiện nội dung giáo trình đáp ứng đòi hỏi của thực tiễn đối với công tác đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa.
LỜI GIỚI THIỆU 3 1.1 English letters 5 1.1.1 Vowels 5 1.1.2 Consonants 6 1.2 Phonetic symbols 6 1.3 Types of words 7
Unit 1 INTRODUCE LETTERS, PRONUNCIATION SYMBOLS AND TYPES OF ENGLISH WORDS 
1.1 English lettersReading the English alphabet below:  
Questions: 1) How many vowels are there in the English alphabet? 2) How many vowels and consonants? 3) Can you spell all of them? 4) Compare with the Vietnamese alphabet (amounts of letters, pronunciation, …) 5) Spell letters in words. 1.1.1 VowelsA [ei] O [ou] E [i:] U [ju:] I [ai] 
1.1.2 ConsonantsB [bi:] bar; bee K [kei] kick S [es] sea, sit C [si:] clever L [el] lemon T [ti:] town, title D [di:] dad; dive M [em] mother V [vi:] vowel F [ef] father; far N [en] new; men W [dʌblju] wish G [dʒi:] language P [pi:] peace X [eks] xenon H [eitʃ] harbour Q [kju:] quarter Y [wai] young J [dʒei] jockey R [a:] read; car Z [zed] zero; zig-zag
1.3 Types of words1.3.1. Adjective (Adj.) 1.3.1.1 Usages: An adjective describes a person or thing. It gives the reader or speaker extra information about a noun or delimits it in some way, such as long hair, red wine etc. 1.3.1.2 Forms: a word (beautiful, clever) and a phrase (an old tall man). 1.3.1.3 Positions: It can occur in two positions in a phrase: - Before the noun as in clear water, beautiful beaches, a terrible decision (attributive). - After any form of the verb be (e.g. am, is, was, been) and similar verbs (seem, appear, become) as in the water became clear, the beaches are beautiful (predicative). 1.3.1.4 Types: We cannot divide clearly, but the -ing adjective tells us about things or events (politics is very interesting; my job is boring), and the -ed adjective tells us how somebody feels about those things or events (Julia is interested in politics; I’m bored with my job). 1.3.2 Adverb (Adv.) 1.3.2.1 Usages: An adverb tells us about a verb. An adverb tells us how somebody does something or how something happens (Tom drives carefully; it rains heavily). An adverb adds more information about place, time, manner, cause or degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb. 1.3.2.2 Forms: The class of adverbs is very wide-ranging in form and is used to add comments to many of the other word classes. - Normally made from adjectives by the addition of the ending: => Adjective + –ly (quickly, hopelessly), e.g. awful -> awfully, incredible -> incredibly; slow -> slowly. - Other words which are difficult to classify, like not, just and soon.
- After verb and/or an object (she speaks English perfectly; they walk quickly etc.). - Before adjectives and/or other adverbs (terribly sorry; incredibly quickly etc.).
- Adverbs of frequency, such as never, usually, always, seldom, etc. - Adverbs of place, time, manner, cause or degree, such as quietly, sadly etc.
- Before a noun and at the beginning of a sentence: Despite the rain, they enjoy their holiday. Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. - Before a noun and in the middle of a sentence(s) We didn’t go out because of the rain. I didn’t get the job in spite of the fact (that) I had all necessary qualifications. - At the end of a sentence (in spoken language): The house isn’t very nice, I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden). 1.3.3.4 Types: - The coordinating conjunction: connects the same grammatical status. Examples: a) The coffee was strong, but sweet.
- The subordinating conjunction cannot stand on its own, but needs another more important clause to complete the meaning. Examples: d) When I arrived home, they had already eaten.
- A person, examples: Ann, Peter, woman, Prime Minister, pianist etc. - A quality or a an activity, examples: plant, sorrow, tennis etc. - A place, examples: office, cabin, deck floor, railway station etc. 1.3.4.2 Forms: a word (ship; harbor) or group of words (noun phrases, such as: Second Officer; Dog Watch; some ports; a bigger vessel etc.). 1.3.4.3 Positions: before and/or after a verb (a cat catches a mouse). Noun can be a subject, an object, a complement or an object of a preposition, example: I spoke to the driver of the car. 1.3.4.4 Types: we can easily recognize the nouns into two types: Common nouns and Proper nouns (the names of a specific person, place, event etc., usually starting with a capital letter, for example, York , John, Christmas, Saturday); but both of them continue to be divided into two main groups below: - Countable nouns: + singular: a seaman, a pilot, an idea… + plural: seamen, pilots, ideas… - Uncountable nouns: can not use any numbers before them directly: water, fuel, ice, … 1.3.5 Preposition (Prep.) 1.3.5.1 Usages: We use the preposition to talk about: - Either time or space: in, on, under, beside, through, inside, before, opposite. - Possession (the seat of mine), cause (because of), purpose (in order to), and method (by bicycle). 1.3.5.2 Forms: - Multi-word units: out of, by means of, in spite of, instead of, up to etc. - A part of a verb: get in, pick up, switch off - Phrase containing a noun: at school, in the summer, over the moon,… 1.3.5.3 Positions: - Before nouns of time, places or means / methods (at sunset; about 20 minutes; in classroom; on the ship; by train; on foot; by hand; by somebody). - After nouns to tell about causes, effects (reason for; demand of). - After verbs to tell about directions (run up; push in; reply to a letter). - After adjectives: (good for nothing; excited about going out; It’s very kind of you).
- Prepositions of time: in, on, at,… - Prepositions of position (space; place): behind, between, in, in front of, next to, opposite, on, under, … - Prepositions of movement: above, down, out of, over, into, round, through, up,... 1.3.6 Pronoun (Pron.) 1.3.6.1 Usages: A pronoun is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase. Pronouns are usually treated as a special sub-class of nouns. Some examples of pronouns are: I, you, he, she, our, its, something, anyone and so on. Examples: Bill’s arrived. Bill’s in the lounge => Bill’s arrived. He’s in the lounge. A person called for you => Someone called for you. 1.3.6.2 Forms: a word (we, anybody) and a phrase (both of them). 1.3.6.3 Positions: as a noun or a noun phrase, but not at the first sentence. 1.3.6.4 Types: - Demonstrative Pronouns: this, that, these, those, one, ones. - Personal Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. - Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs. - Relative Pronouns: whom, which, that, etc. - Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. 1.3.7 Verb (V.) 1.3.7.1 Usages: Verb expresses an action (row), an event (happen) or a state (exist). 1.3.7.2 Forms: a word (watch, steer) or group of words (verb phrases such as look at, think about, let out, etc.). 1.3.7.3 Positions: after a noun and/or pronoun (N = S): He runs along the river-bank; We went on board at twelve, … 1.3.7.4 Types: - Action verbs: run, initiate, judge, throw, … - Non-action verbs: see, know, think and so on.
1) How many letters are there in the English alphabet? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2) How are the vowels pronounced? Are there any differences with the consonants? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3) List some main types of English words. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4) What does an adverb tell us about? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
A That’s interesting! What is your ship’s name? B Marine Angel. A It sounds great! Please go with me, my young colleague! 2.2 Grammar: Present Simple Tense - To describe regular events or permanent states. - To talk about general truths.
2.2.1.2 Negatives:
2.2.1.3 Questions: - Y / N:
Short answers: Yes, S + am / is / are. No, S + am / is / are not. (1) Yes, you are / No, you are not.
(3) Yes, she is / No, she is not. (Students practice to answer the questions 4, 5, 6). - Wh:
Answers: Give information, may be short or full sentence. (1) You are an Engineer. (2) I’m from Kiên Giang. (3) He is a navigator. (4) Because we / you / they do exercise very often.
2.2.2.2 Negatives:
2.2.2.3 Questions: - Y / N:
Short answers: Yes, S + do (does) / No, S + do (does) not. (1) Yes, I (you, we, they) do / No, I (you, we, they) don’t. (2) Yes, he (she, it) does / No, , he (she, it) doesn’t.
Answers: Give information, may be short or full sentence. (1) We have many things: cars, houses and gardens. (2) Why do you ask me? I have no ideas.
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