CỤC ĐƯỜng thủy nộI ĐỊa việt nam giáo trình đÀo tạo thuyền trưỞng hạng ba môn tiếng anh cơ BẢN

2. 
   Negatives:
   

S	BE NOT	Ving	Noun (s)	Others
I / he / she / it	wasn’t	maneuvering	the ship	this time last month.
We / you / they	weren’t	handling	the lifeboats	on the sea at 10 last night.

(Students give answers).

- We often use past continuous and past simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else:

The Captain stood in the bridge when I was keeping the morning watch.

While they were loading cargoes, the saw a man overboard.

THE PARADOX OF CAR This means of transportation at first seemed unattainable to the masses - it was so different from ordinary means. There was no comparison between the motorcar and the others: the cart, the train, the bicycle, or the horse-car. Exceptional beings went out in self-propelled vehicles that weighed at least a ton and whose extremely complicated mechanical organs were as mysterious as they were hidden from view. For one important aspect of the automobile myth is that for the first time people were riding in private vehicles whose operating mechanisms were completely unknown to them and whose maintenance and feeding they had to entrust to specialists. Here is the paradox of the automobile: it appears to confer on its owners limitless freedom, allowing them to travel when and where they choose at a speed equal to or greater than that of the train. But actually, this seeming independence has for its underside a radical dependency. Unlike the horse rider, the wagon driver, or the cyclist, the motorist was going to depend for the fuel supply, as well as for the smallest kind of repair, on dealers and specialists in engines, lubrication, and ignition, and on the interchangeability of parts. Unlike all previous owners of a means of locomotion, the motorist's relationship to his or her vehicle was to be that of user and consumer-and not owner and master. This vehicle, in other words, would oblige the owner to consume and use a host of commercial services and industrial products that could only be provided by some third party. The apparent independence of the automobile owner was only concealing the actual radical dependency.

Aspect [ˈæspekt] khía cạnh, mặt

Automobile [ˈɔːtəməbiːl] xe ô tô

Bicycle [ˈbaɪsɪkl] xe đạp

Cart [kɑːt] xe ngựa

Commercial service [kəˈmɜːʃl ˈsɜːvɪs] dịch vụ thương mại

Comparison [kəmˈpærɪsn] so sánh

Consumer [kənˈsjuːmə(r)] khách hàng

Cyclist [ˈsaɪklɪst] người đi xe đạp

Dealer [ˈdiːlə(r)] đại lý

Dependency [dɪˈpendənsi] phụ thuộc

Driver [ˈdraɪvə(r)] tài xế

Engine [ˈendʒɪn] động cơ, máy, cơ giới

Freedom [ˈfriːdəm] tự do

Fuel [ˈfjuːəl] nhiên liệu

Horse [hɔːs] ngựa

Horse-car [hɔːs kɑː(r)] xe ngựa

Ignition [ɪɡˈnɪʃn] bộ phận đánh lửa

Independence [ˌɪndɪˈpendəns] độc lập

Industrial product [ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˈprɒdʌkt] sản phẩm công nghiệp

Interchangeability [ˌɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒəbl] có thể thay cho nhau

Kind [kaɪnd] loại

Locomotion [ˌləʊkəˈməʊʃn] sự vận động

Lubrication [ˈluːbrɪkeɪt] sự bôi trơn

Maintenance [ˈmeɪntənəns] bảo trì

Mass [mæs] khối, đống

Master [ˈmɑːstə(r)] thạc sĩ; công nhân giỏi, thợ cả

Means [miːn] phương tiện

Mechanisms [ˈmekənɪzəm] máy móc, cơ chế

Motorist [ˈməʊtərɪst] người lái xe ô tô

Myth [mɪθ] chuyện hoang đường

Organ [ˈɔːɡən] cơ quan, bộ phận

Owner [ˈəʊnə(r)] người chủ

Paradox [ˈpærədɒks] nghịch lí

Part [pɑːt] phần

Party [pɑːti] bên, phía

Relationship [rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp] mối quan hệ

Repair [rɪˈpeə(r)] sửa chữa

Rider [ˈraɪdə(r)] người đi xe đạp/ nẹp tàu

Specialist [ˈspeʃəlɪst] chuyên gia

Speed [spiːd] tốc độ

Ton [tʌn] tấn

Train [treɪn] xe lửa

Transportation [ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn] sự vận chuyển

Underside [ˈʌndəsaɪd] mặt bên dưới

User [ˈjuːzə(r)] người dùng

Vehicle [ˈviːəkl] xe cộ

View [vjuː] tầm nhìn, quang cảnh

Wagon [ˈwæɡən] xe goòng, toa trần chở hàng hoá

5.3.2.2 Verbs

Allow [əˈlaʊ] cho phép

Appear [əˈpɪə(r)] xuất hiện

Choose [tʃuːz] chọn

Confer [kənˈfɜː(r)] đem đến, mang lại

Consume [kənˈsjuːm] tiêu dùng, mua

Entrust [ɪnˈtrʌst] giao phó

Feed [fiːd] nuôi, cung cấp vật liệu

Limit [ˈlɪmɪt] giới hạn, hạn chế

Oblige [əˈblaɪdʒ] bắt buộc

Provide [prəˈvaɪd] chu cấp, qui định

5.3.2.3 Adjectives

Actual [ˈæktʃuəl] sự thực, trên thực tế

Apparent (adj.) [əˈpærnt] rõ ràng, hiển nhiên

At least [ət liːst] ít ra, ít nhất

Commercial [kəˈmɜːʃl] thương mại

Complete [kəmˈpliːt] hoàn toàn

Complicated [ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd] phức tạp, rắc rối

Equal [ˈiːkwəl] đồng đều, ngang bằng

Extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] vô cùng, tột độ, cực kì

Important [ɪmˈpɔːtnt] quan trọng

Industrial [ɪnˈdʌstriəl] công nghiệp/ kỹ nghệ

Limitless [ˈlɪmɪtləs] vô hạn, rất lớn

Mysterious [mɪˈstɪəriəs] huyền bí

Ordinary [ˈɔːdnri] thông thường

Previous [ˈpriːviəs] trước

Radical [ˈrædɪkl] cơ bản/ quyết liệt

Self-propelled [self prəˈpeld] tự động, tự hành

Unattainable [ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbl] không thể đạt được

Unknown [۸n’nəun] không biết, xa lạ

5.3.2.4 Adverbs

Actually [ˈæktʃuəli] trên thực tế, thậm chí

Completely [kəmˈpliːtli] hoàn toàn, đầy đủ

Extremely [ɪkˈstriːmli] vô cùng, tột độ, cực kì

Only [ˈəʊnli] chỉ, chỉ có

5.4 Exercises

5.4.1 Answer questions:

1. Was the first car similar to the ordinary means of transport?

________________________________________________________________

2. Did people know well about the car mechanism at the first time using it?

_________________________________________________________________
3. Who could help drivers to maintain the car?

_________________________________________________________________

4. Could the car drivers drive at any speed if they want?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

7. Do you think the models of the car are the same as before?

_________________________________________________________________

8. How many points can you compare the current cars and the car at the beginning?

_________________________________________________________________

9. What is the most uncomfortable thing of the car as your opinion?

_________________________________________________________________

10. Draw a table with two columns and write down the paradox of car in it (advantages and disadvantages).

ADVANTAGES	DISADVANTAGES

5.4.2 Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple

1. Jane __________ (wait) for me when I __________ (arrive).

2. ‘What __________ (you/do) this time yesterday?’ ‘I __________ asleep’ (be).

3. ‘__________ (you/go) ashore last night?’ ‘No, I __________ tired.’

4. ‘Was the Bosun at the bridge yesterday morning?’ ‘Yes, he __________ (keep) the morning watch.

5. ‘How fast __________ (you/drive) when the accident __________ (happen)?’

6. John __________ (take) a photograph of me while I __________ (not/look).

7. We were in a very difficult position. We __________ (not/know) what to do.

8. When we last __________ (meet) Alan, he __________ (try) to find a job in London.

9. Somebody __________ (follow) them when they __________ (walk) along the street.

10. When he __________ (be) young, he __________ (want) to be a bus driver.
5.4.3 Put the words in the right order:
1. 8 o’clock / some friends / having dinner / was / with / I / yesterday evening / at.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

- How many subjects did you learn?

- How were the results (marks, teachers’ comments)?

- What difficulties did you meet?

- Did you study hard or not?

- Was your schedule suitable for your learning?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
5.5 Consolidation

5.5.1 Extra reading

WHAT ARE YOUR OPINIONS ABOUT THE CAR? There are many different means of transport. Some people prefer travelling by car, others think that it's dangerous and pollutes the environment. Whatever your views, there's no doubt that travelling by car has both many advantages, and a lot of disadvantages. To begin with the speed, we can move quickly from one place to another. We don't have to waste our time and wait for any public vehicles. Secondly, cars are always available and we can go by car everywhere. Moreover, we can also have touring holiday when and where we want. If we want to go for a trip, we don't have to book bus tickets- it's too complicated. On the other hand, travelling by car is not very comfortable for a driver. He cannot relax, he has to be careful all the time. Vehicles are forced to stay in traffic jams, it is also very uncomfortable. Passengers can sleep or do what they want, but the driver cannot. Travelling by car is dangerous, too. There are many crashes on the roads and we should be very careful and sensible. There are many people, who want to drive after alcohol, they cause a lot of accidents. Using a car is also very expensive, because you have to pay much money for petrol and services. To sum up, if we have money and remember about politeness, patience and responsible driving even when we have problems with finding a parking space and we get nervous- we can enjoy driving for many years, for sure.

5.5.2 Question

1. Do the cars have a lot of advantages?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
3. What characters shouldn’t a driver have when driving on the roads?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
4. How do passengers feel when traveling by cars?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
5. Give your opinions about advantages and disadvantages of cars

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit 6
THE TELEPHONE
6.1 Conversation



6.2 Grammar:

6.2.1 Can and Could

6.2.1.1 The same:

- Talk about ability, but could is more general:

We can go for a walk in the evening.

We could go for walks every evening.

- The same structure in three forms:

+ Positive: S + CAN / COULD + V₁ + (Others).

+ Negative: S + CANNOT / COULD NOT + V₁ + (Others).

+ Question: CAN (NOT) / COULD (NOT) + S + V₁ + others?

• 
  Yes, S + can / could. No, S + cannot / could not.
  

WH + CAN (NOT) / COULD (NOT) + S + V₁ + others?

• 
  Give information.
  

- Make a suggestion or ask for help, but Could is more formal:

Can / Could you give me a hand?

Can / Could I borrow your book?

Can / Could I have your phone numbers?

6.2.1.2 The differences
- Could is the past of Can:

I can swim really well.

I could swim when I was five.

When we came to the store, we could smell burning.

- Could talks about possible actions now or in the future:

The air is cooler. It could be rain.

I don’t know when they’ll be here. They could arrive at any time.

- Could is less sure than Can:

He is strong. He could lift a mountain.

I’m hungry. I could eat a turkey.

They spoke in a very clear voice so that everyone could understand what they said.

6.2.2 Passive sentence

6.2.2.1 Positives:

S	BE	V3/ED	Others
The ship	is	launched	this week.
All appliances	are	installed	on the deck.
This article	was	written	by one of my friends.
Those ports	were	built	in the war.

6.2.2.2 Negatives:

S	BE NOT	V3/ED	Others
The ship	isn’t	launched	this week.
All appliances	aren’t	installed	on the deck.
This article	wasn’t	written	by one of my friends.
Those ports	weren’t	built	in the war.

6.2.2.3 Questions:

- Y / N:

BE (NOT)	S	V3/ED	Others
Is / isn’t	the ship	launched	this week?
Are / aren’t	all appliances	installed	on the deck?
Was / wasn’t	this article	written	by one of my friends?
Were / weren’t	those ports	built	in the war?

• 
  Answers: Yes, S + be / No, S + be not.
  

• 
  Wh:
  

WH	BE (NOT)	S	V3/ED	Others
When	is / isn’t	the ship	launched?
Where	are / aren’t	all appliances	installed?
By whom	was / wasn’t	this article	written?
When	were / weren’t	those ports	built?

• 
  Answers: Information.
  

6.3 Vocabulary

6.3.1 The text

THE USEFULNESS OF THE TELEPHONE The telephone is a telecommunications (telecoms) device which is used to transmit and receive sound (most commonly speech). Most telephones operate through transmission of electric signals over a complex telephone network which allows almost any phone user to communicate with almost anyone. Telephone helps us communicate in far distances. With the advance functions of the modern phone system, such as the VoIP, we can cost effectively contact people even in remote areas as long as connected to the internet. There are also functions such as call forwarding, call screening and many others that put ease in our way of communicating. The telephone was invented so you can talk to someone on the other side of the world! It is useful because it is device for making communication with another person. It is useful as well for a company who utilize a small business telephone system because of its benefits. The usefulness of the telephone has made it one of the most indispensable household and business appliances. It is voted as the best invention of the 20th century.

6.3.2 Pronunciation

6.3.2.1 Nouns:

Advance [ədˈvɑːns] sự tiến bộ

Appliance [ǝ’plaiǝns] thiết bị, dụng cụ

Benefit [‘benefit] lợi ích

Call forwarding [kↄ:l ‘fↄwǝdiŋ] chuyển tiếp cuộc gọi

Call screening [kↄ:l ‘ski:niŋ] chặn cuộc gọi

Century [‘senʧǝri] thế kỉ

Company [‘kʌpǝni] công ty

Device [di’vais] thiết bị

Distance [‘distǝns] khoảng cách

Electric signal [i’lektrik signəl] tính hiệu điện

Function [‘fʌŋkʃn] chức năng

Household [‘haushould] hộ gia đình

Network [‘netwɜ:k] mạng

Phone user [fǝʊn ‘ju:zǝr] người dùng điện thoại

Remote area [ri’mout ‘eǝriǝ] vùng xa xôi

Sound [saund] âm thanh

Speech [spi:tʃ] lời nói

System [‘sistǝm] hệ thống

Telecommunications [‘telikə,mju:ni’keiʃnz] viễn thông

Transmission [trænz’miʃn] sự phát, sự truyền

6.3.2.2 Verbs:

Allow [ǝ’lau] cho phép

Communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] giao tiếp, truyền thông

Connect [kəˈnekt] nối, kết nối

Contact [ˈkɒntækt] liên lạc

Cost [kɒst] chi phí

Invent [ɪnˈvent] phát minh

Operate [ˈɒpəreɪt] hoạt động, vận hành

Put ease [pʊt iːz] làm dịu

Receive [rɪˈsiːv] nhận

Transmit [trænsˈmɪt] truyền/ phát tín hiệu

Utilize [‘ju:tilaiz] dùng, sử dụng

Vote [vəʊt] bầu, biểu quyết

6.3.2.3 Adjectives:

Advanced [ədˈvɑːnst] tiên tiến

Complex [ˈkɒmpleks] phức tạp, rắc rối

Far [fɑː(r)] xa

Indispensable [,indis’pensəbl] rất cần thiết, không thể thiếu.

Modern [ˈmɒdn] hiện đại

6.3.2.4 Adverbs:

Almost [ˈɔːlməʊst] hầu như,

Commonly [ˈkɒmənli] thường thường, lắm khi

Effectively [ɪˈfektɪvli] có hiệu quả

Even [ˈiːvn] thậm chí, ngay cả

Through [θruː] xuyên, suốt

6.4 Exercises

6.4.1 Answer questions:
1. What purpose do people use the telephone?

_______________________________________________________________________

2. How do the telephones operate?

_______________________________________________________________________

3. How far can people communicate by telephone?

_______________________________________________________________________

4. Can you name some functions of telephone? What are they?

_______________________________________________________________________

5. Is the telephone useful for business only?

_______________________________________________________________________

6. Who can people talk to on the telephone?

_______________________________________________________________________

7. What is the telephone called in the 20^th century?

_______________________________________________________________________

8. Use dictionaries to find out the synonyms of the words below:

Anyone (pron) Ease (n)

Appliance (n) Remote (adj)

Benefit (n) Utilize (v)

6.4.2 Divide the phrases of words into two columns. (No.1 and No.9 are examples)

1. Helps to build a healthy relationship.

2. Anonymous threats.

3. Sexual abuses.

4. A bridge for people being miles away.

5. Saves time, money and energy.
6. Immediate medium to contact one another and pass urgent messages.
7. These days marketing calls are a headache for everyone.

8. Helps to file complaint against anyone without identity and save someone as soon as possible.

9. Helps terrorism.

10. Gives life for thousands of telemarketers.

11. Wastes the time of teens.

ADVANTAGES	DISADVANTAGES
1. Helps to build a healthy relationship.	9. Helps terrorism.

6.4.3 Write a paragraph about the telephone (you can link some ideas above)

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

6.5 Consolidation

6.5.1 Extra reading

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL Evolution of the Telegraph into the Telephone In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won. While Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson worked on the harmonic telegraph at the insistent urging of Hubbard and other backers, Bell nonetheless met in March 1875 with Joseph Henry, the respected director of the Smithsonian Institution, who listened to Bell's ideas for a telephone and offered encouraging words. Spurred on by Henry's positive opinion, Bell and Watson continued their work. By June 1875 the goal of creating a device that would transmit speech electrically was about to be realized. They had proven that different tones would vary the strength of an electric current in a wire. To achieve success they therefore needed only to build a working transmitter with a membrane capable of varying electronic currents and a receiver that would reproduce these variations in audible frequencies.

Unit 7
THE RADIO


7.1 Conversation

SHIP TO SHORE RADIO COMMUNICATION Radio Officer: Coastguard, Coastguard. This is Milamar. I read you poor 2 with signal strength 2 weak. Advise try channel 24. Over. Coastguard: Milamar, Milamar. This is Cape Town Coastguard. Change to channel 24. Repeat. Change to channel 24. Over. Radio Officer: Coastguard, Coastguard. This is Milamar on channel 24. I am ready to receive your message. Over. Coastguard: Milamar, Milamar. This is Cape Town Coastguard. There is a severe localized storm with wave height of 40 feet 25 miles Southwest of your present position. Expected to close in the next 2 hours. Advise course three two zero. Repeat. Advise course three two zero to avoid height seas. Over. Radio Officer: Coastguard, Coastguard. This is Milamar. Say again. Say again. Over. Coastguard: Milamar, Milamar. This is Cape Town Coastguard. Wave height of 40 feet closing from Southwest. Expect arrival your position 2 hours. Advise course three two zero. Repeat. Three two zero. Over. Radio Officer: Coastguard, Coastguard. This is Milamar. I cannot read you. Repeat. I cannot read you. Over. Coastguard: Milamar………25……… Southwest……..2 hours……..40……. three two zero….. three two zero……… Radio Officer: Coastguard, Coastguard. Message received. Thank you. Out.

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