Reopening the Maitreya-files – Two almost identical early Maitreya sūtra translations in the Chinese Canon: Wrong attributions and text-historical entanglements



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9004-Article Text-8798-1-10-20110301

shuo yiqieyoubu pinaiye 根本説一切有部毘奈耶, tr. by Yijing); T24, no. 1448, 
68b19 (the Genben shuo yiqieyoubu pinaiye yao shi 根本説一切有部毘奈耶藥事 , 


276
Elsa I. Legittimo
善思念之 、執在心懷
61
。是時 、
阿難從佛受教
62
、即還就座

善思念之 、執在心懷。是時 、
阿難從佛受教 、即還就坐。
爾時 、世尊告阿難曰:將來久遠於
此國界。當有城郭名曰鶏[]
63

東西十二由旬
64
、南北七由旬
65

土地豐熟
66
、人民熾盛 、
街巷成行。
爾時。城中有龍王名曰水光
67

爾時 、世尊告阿難曰:將來久遠於
此國界。當有城郭名曰翅頭。
東西十二由旬 、南北七由旬 、
土地豐熟 、人民熾盛 、街巷成行。
爾時城中有龍王名曰水光。
61#62#63#64#65#66#67#
tr. by Yiing); T25, no. 1509, 536c7, 540c14 and 736a1 (the Mahā pra jñāpāra mi to-
pa deśa, the Da zhidu lun 大智度論, tr. by Kumārajīva / Jiumo luoshi 鳩摩羅什) ; 
T32, no. 1646, 352c2 (the Chengshi lun 成實論, tr. by Kumā ra jīva), appearances>.
61
EA, 708c11 ; T3, no. 155, 115a15 (the Pusa benxing jing 菩薩本行經, anony-
mous trans lation 317–420); T9, no. 263, 128c25 (the Lotus, the Zhengfa hua jing 
正法華經, tr. by Dharmarakṣa in 286); T14, no. 432, 77c10 (the Shi jixiang jing 十
吉祥經, anonym. translation 350–431), .
62
EA, 767b7 and 769a3 ; T2, no. 149, 874b15 (A’nan tongxue jing 阿難同學經, 
tr. by An Shigao 安世高 in the second half of the 2
nd
century); T4, no. 194, 143b10 
(the Seng qieluocha suo ji jing 僧伽羅刹所集經 tr. by Buddhasmṛti); T17, no. 814, 
782b29 (the Xiangyi jing 象腋經, tr. by Dharmamitra / Tanmomiduo 曇摩蜜多 
between 424 and 442), .
63
The town name found in the EA (Jitou 鶏頭) appears also in other transla-
tions by Buddhasmṛti as well as in a few texts by other translators, but none by 
Dharma rakṣa. The town name found in no. 453 (Chitou 翅頭) is elsewhere only 
found in the two Maitreya sūtra translations by Kumārajīva: no. 454 (the Mile 
xiasheng chengfo jing 彌勒下生成佛經 ) and no. 456 (the Mile da chengfo jing 
勒大成佛經). These town names have not been taken into account for the fi nal 
count.
64
T1, no. 1, 120a1; EA, 609b27; T3, no. 190, 659c27 and 664a16 (the Fo benx-
ing ji jing 佛本行集經, tr. by Jñānagupta / Shenajueduo 闍那崛多 in the second 
half of the 6
th
century); T11, no. 310, 430a9 and 465a14 (the RatnakūṭaDa baoji 
jing 大寶積經, section 16, tr. by Narendrayaśas / Naliantiyeshe 那連提耶舍 in the 
second half of the 6
th
century); T11, no. 320, 974a17 (the Pitāputrasamāgama
Fuzi heji jing 父子合集經, tr. by Richeng 日稱 in the 11
th
century); T22, no. 1428, 
782b1 and 910c27,
65
The three occurrences coincide with three appearances of the preceding 
expression: T11, no. 310, 465a14, T22, no. 1428, 782b1 and 910c27, appearances>.
66
EA, 609b28 and 731b29; T4, no. 194, 121b27 and 135c21; T10, no. 309, 
1030b6; T22, no. 1428, 782b2, .
67
T13, no. 402, 553a26 (the Baoxing tuoluoni jing 寶星陀羅尼經, tr. by 
Prabhā mitra / Boluo pomiduoluo 波羅頗蜜多羅 in the fi rst half of the 7
th
century), 
.


Reopening the Maitreya-fi les
277
夜雨澤香
澤香
68

晝則清和。
夜雨香澤。晝則清和。
是時 、鶏[]頭城中有羅刹鬼名曰
葉華。所行順法 、不違正教。
[不客
不客?]人民寢寐之後。除去穢惡
69
諸不淨者。又
又以香汁
70
而灑其地
71

極為
香淨

是時 、翅頭城中有羅刹鬼名曰
葉華 。所行順法 、不違正教。
毎向人民寢寐之後。除去穢惡
諸不淨者。常以香汁 而灑其地 、
極為香淨。
阿難當知:爾時 、閻浮地 、東西
南北 、十萬由旬。諸山河石壁
72
阿難當知:爾時 、閻浮地 、東西
南北 、千萬由旬。諸山河石壁
68#69#70#71##72#
68
An inversion of two characters has occurred in one of the texts.
69
EA, 688b25, 688b28, 827c6 and 827c8 ; T4, no. 194, 116b21; T10, no. 309, 
970a4 and 970b4; T20, no. 1134A, 576c10 (the Jin’gang shouming tuoluoni jingfa 
金剛壽命陀羅尼經法, tr. by Amoghavajra / Bukong 不空 in the 8
th
century); T27, 
no. 1545, 29c29 (the Abhidharma ma hā vi bhā ṣā, the Apidamo da piposha lun 阿毘
達磨大毘婆沙論, tr. by Xuanzang); T28, no. 1546, 21a17 (the Apitan piposha lun 
阿毘曇毘婆沙論, tr. by Buddha varman / Futuobamo 浮陀跋摩, 424–453), of 12 appear ances>.
70
EA, 623b12 ; T15, no. 627, 416b14 (the Ajātaśatrukaukṛtyavinodana / 

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