Acknowledgements
tải về 426.37 Kb.
|
- Điều hướng trang này:
- Bibliography
- APPENDICES
Part Three: ConclusionThe thesis has revised the concept of voice, passive voice in languages in general and English – Vietnamese in particular. It has also confirmed the existence of voice in both of two languages in which voice can be understood as a system of correlation between semantic roles such as agent and patient and between grammatical functions such as subjects and objects. Then the thesis is to find out the differences in the linguistic means to express the passive voice: it is the change in the verb forms in English meanwhile it is the linguistic factors of bÞ and ®îc with distinguishing features in Vietnamese. To achieve the goal, the thesis has summarized different views around passive constructions in Vietnamese and the passive functional markers. Among different views of Vietnamese passive constructions, Ban (2004) ‘s updated concept of passive voice in Vietnamese which applies the theory of Functional grammar in dealing with the semantic roles of the passive subject seems to be the most logical and persuasive. Because this concept has dealt with previous dilemma around the Vietnamese passive, this concept is the grounds for the analysis in the thesis. The contrast between the English passive constructions and the Vietnamese ones in the thesis is in three areas: Syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
The passive constructions in English and Vietnamese share two common features. The first feature is the identical function of grammar between the object in active and the subject in the corresponding passive. Secondly, the part expressing the agent is optional both in English and Vietnamese. The syntactic differences in passive sentences and in the formation of passive noun phrase are pointed out as follows: Firstly in passive sentences, the compulsory parts in the English typical passive consist of the passive subject, the verb be and the past participle. In Vietnamese, these parts include the passive subject, the passive functional words bÞ ,®îc and the predicator which can be an embedded sentence. However, the Vietnamese passive sentences need some adjuncts, adverbs showing circumstances, manner...to be natural in use. Secondly, the English noun phrase passivization is based on the movement of the by –phrase, the insertion of possessive markers of and’s. The Vietnamese ones, on the other hand, do need the presence of subordinators such as sù, viÖc and other subordinators.
The English passive constructions and the Vietnamese ones have the same features of semantic roles of the passive subjects. The semantic differences between the English passive structures and the Vietnamese ones are analyzed in three areas: the Vietnamese passive functional words, the lexical meaning of the grammatical subjects and verb. Firstly, the passive functional words “bÞ ”, “®îc” often decide the subjectivity in Vietnamese passive sentences. “BÞ”, “®îc” expressions partly shows speakers’ attitude towards the event meanwhile the passive expressions in English focus on the event. The subjectivity is expressed with some extra adverbs like luckily- unluckily. The exception is in Vietnamese scientific documents, in which the passive functional word “®îc” can be used just based on the writer ‘s habit of language usage. Secondly, from one English passive construction, there are active, neutral or passive Vietnamese equivalents. This can be decided by the lexical meaning of the subject. The choice between animate/ inanimate noun, instrumental/ non-instrumental nouns, serving/ served person acting as the subject in the sentence partly decide the type of sentence being active, neutral or passive. Finally, two different groups of transitive verbs rarely used in the passive in two languages are quoted. The Vietnamese transitive verbs often are the spiritual transitive verbs while the English ones often are the possessive ones.
The English and Vietnamese passive share two common features namely the information structure and sentence focus. The choice of passive constructions in the two languages allows the given information preceding the new information and the agent as the focus of the sentence when it is considered as the late news. The pragmatic differences are viewed in two pragmatic effects: agent demotion/patient promotion and patient promotion which are respectively in two structures non– agent passive constructions and agent including passive constructions. The Vietnamese equivalents are divided into two groups based on the two pragmatic effects of English passive constructions. One structure shared by both groups of effects is the corresponding active structures. In English, the first group is associated with the non – agent passive constructions while the second one is with the agent- passive constructions. The Vietnamese equivalents can be divided into two groups of these pragmatic effects . The English non – agent sentences: S + BE+ PAST PARTICIPLE have the following Vietnamese equivalents: Passive constructions (non- agent passive constructions), the special equivalents: existential structure, possessive structures, impersonal structures beginning with Ngêi ta, Ta, Hä, Chóng ta, imperative structures beginning with H·y or with Transitive verbs. The English agent –including passive construction S + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE + BY PHRASE, the feature of patient promotion is expressed in Vietnamese with the following structures: Causative structures with do, b»ng ,bëi with the emphasis markers chÝnh do,chÝnh bëi, existential structure with cã, special sentences with prepositional phrases From one English passive structure, there are several corresponding Vietnamese passive constructions. The explanation comes from both linguistic and extra- linguistic factors like the difference in type of verb (transitive /intransitive), the difference in idiomatic expressions and other factor in two languages. The factors of culture also contribute to the inequality between the limited number of English passive constructions and the numerous types of Vietnamese equivalents. This factor, however, has not been fully exploited. In general, the differences between the Vietnamese and the English passive constructions are so broad in three areas of syntax, semantics and pragmatics. In this thesis the comparison and contrast have not been done as thoroughly as it should be. The thesis has not covered all areas connected to the passive voice usage like thematic structures, cultural factors. Hopefully these issues will be investigated in further research. However, the differences pointed out here could partly help the learners in such subjects as translation. For Vietnamese learners, the awareness of the difference is helpful especially in the translation from Vietnamese into English. Bibliography(in English)
Bibliography(in Vietnamese)
APPENDICESExamples of passive constructions in the novel The sorrow of war translated from the original novel Th©n phËn t×nh yªu by B¶o Ninh.
Каталог: jspui -> bitstream -> 123456789 123456789 -> Nguyễn Ngọc Lý Giám đốc Trung tâm Nghiên cứu về Môi trường và Cộng đồng 123456789 -> Vò Quúnh Thu Cao häc K18 123456789 -> Khoa Báo chí Đhkhxh&NV 123456789 -> Danh mục chữ viết tắT 123456789 -> Chương TỔng quan vật liệu mao quản trung bình (mqtb) trật tự 1 Giới thiệu chung 123456789 -> Khoa hóa họC (141 142 báo cáo) 123456789 -> TRƯỜng đẠi học khoa học tự nhiên lưƠng thị loan tải về 426.37 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
|