T¬ng lai T¬ng lai ®¬n gi¶n (simple future)
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Will / shall
+ [ Verb in simple form ]
Can / may.
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- Ngµy nay ng÷ ph¸p hiÖn ®¹i, ®Æc biÖt lµ Mü dïng will cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i cßn shall chØ ®îc dïng trong c¸c trêng hîp sau:
Mêi mäc ngêi kh¸c 1 c¸ch lÞch sù.
VÝ dô:
Shall we go out for lunch?
Shall I take your coat?
§Ò nghÞ gióp ®ì ngêi kh¸c 1 c¸ch lÞch sù.
VÝ dô:
Shall I give you a hand with these packages.
Dïng ®Ó ng· gi¸ khi mua b¸n, mÆc c¶.
VÝ dô:
Shall we say : fifteen dollars?
- Nã dïng ®Ó diÔn ®¹t 1 hµnh ®éng sÏ x¶y ra ë vµo thêi ®iÓm nhÊt ®Þnh trong t¬ng lai. Thêi ®iÓm nµy kh«ng ®îc x¸c ®Þnh râ rÖt. C¸c phã tõ thêng dïng lµ tomorrow, next + thêi gian, in the future.
Near future. (t¬ng lai gÇn)
To be going to do smth - s¾p lµm g×.
- Dïng ®Ó diÔn ®¹t 1 hµnh ®éng sÏ x¶y ra trong 1 t¬ng lai gÇn, thêi gian sÏ ®îc diÔn ®¹t b»ng 1 sè phã tõ nh : in a moment (l¸t n÷a), tomorrow.
VÝ dô:
We are going to have a meeting in a moment.
We are going to get to the airport at 9 am this morning.
- Ngµy nay, ®Æc biÖt lµ trong v¨n nãi ngêi ta thêng dïng Present progressive ®Ó thay thÕ.
- Dïng ®Ó diÔn ®¹t 1 sù viÖc ch¾c ch¾n sÏ x¶y ra dï r»ng kh«ng ph¶i lµ t¬ng lai gÇn.
VÝ dô:
Next year we are going to take a TOEFL test for the score that enables us to learn in the US.
T¬ng lai tiÕp diÔn ( future progressive)
-
Will / shall
+ be + [ verb + ing ]
Can / may.
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- Nã diÔn ®¹t 1 hµnh ®éng sÏ ®ang x¶y ra ë 1 thêi ®iÓm nhÊt ®Þnh cña t¬ng lai. Thêi ®iÓm nµy ®îc x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ b»ng ngµy, giê.
VÝ dô:
I will be doing a test on Monday morning next week.
- Nã ®îc dïng kÕt hîp víi 1 present progressive ®Ó diÔn ®¹t 2 hµnh ®éng song song x¶y ra, 1 ë hiÖn t¹i, 1 ë t¬ng lai.
VÝ dô:
Now we are learning English here but by the time tomorrow we will be working at the office.
T¬ng lai hoµn thµnh (future perfect)
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- Nã ®îc dïng ®Ó diÔn ®¹t 1 hµnh ®éng sÏ ph¶i ®îc hoµn tÊt ë 1 thêi ®iÓm nµo ®ã trong t¬ng lai. Thêi ®iÓm nµy thêng ®îc diÔn ®¹t b»ng : by the end of, by tomorrow.
VÝ dô:
We will have taken a TOEFL test by the end of this year.
Lu ý : Thêi nµy ph¶i cã lý do ®Æc biÖt míi sö dông.
Sù hoµ hîp gi÷a chñ ng÷ vµ ®éng tõ.
Th«ng thêng th× ®éng tõ ®øng liÒn ngay víi chñ ng÷ vµ ph¶i chia theo ng«i chñ ng÷. Song cã nh÷ng trêng hîp kh«ng ph¶i nh vËy.
Chñ ng÷ ®øng t¸ch khái ®éng tõ.
- §øng xen vµo gi÷a chñ ng÷ vµ ®éng tõ lµ 1 ng÷ giíi tõ ( 1 giíi tõ më ®Çu kÕt hîp víi c¸c danh tõ theo sau). Ng÷ giíi tõ nµy kh«ng quyÕt ®Þnh g× ®Õn viÖc chia ®éng tõ. §éng tõ ph¶i chia theo chñ ng÷ chÝnh.
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Subject + [ng÷ giíi tõ] + verb
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VÝ dô:
The study of languages is very interesting.
Singular subject singular verb
Several theories on this subject have been proposed.
Plural subject plural verb
The view of these disciplines varies from time to time.
Singular subject singular verb
The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.
Singular subject singular verb
The effects of that crime are likely to be devastating.
Plural subject plural verb
The fear of rape and robbery has caused many people to flee the cities.
Singular subject singular verb
- C¸c thµnh ng÷ trong b¶ng díi ®©y cïng víi c¸c danh tõ ®i ®»ng sau nã t¹o nªn hiÖn tîng ®ång chñ ng÷. Côm ®ång chñ ng÷ nµy ph¶i ®øng t¸ch biÖt ra khái chñ ng÷ chÝnh vµ ®éng tõ b»ng 2 dÊu phÈy vµ kh«ng cã ¶nh hëng g× tíi viÖc chia ®éng tõ.
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Together with
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along with
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accompanied by
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as well as
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VÝ dô:
The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.
Singular subject singular verb
Mr. Robbins, accompanied by his wife and children, is arriving tonight.
Singular subject singular verb
Lu ý: - NÕu 2 ®ång chñ ng÷ nèi víi nhau b»ng liªn tõ and th× ®éng tõ lËp tøc ph¶i chia ë ng«i thø 3 sè nhiÒu (they).
VÝ dô:
The actress and her manager are going to a party tonight.
- nhng nÕu 2 ®ång chñ ng÷ nèi víi nhau b»ng liªn tõ or th× ®éng tõ sÏ ph¶i chia theo danh tõ ®øng sau or. NÕu ®ã lµ danh tõ sè Ýt th× ph¶i chia ë ng«i thø 3 sè Ýt vµ ngîc l¹i.
VÝ dô:
The actress or her manager is going to a party tonight.
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