C¸ch sö dông thµnh ng÷ used to vµ get/be used to used to.
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(*)
Used to + [Verb in simple form]... ( Thêng hay, ®· tõng)
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ChØ mét thãi quen, hµnh ®éng thêng xuyªn x¶y ra lÆp ®i lÆp l¹i trong qu¸ khø.
VÝ dô:
When David was young, he used to swim once a day. ( Thãi quen trong qu¸ khø)
ChuyÓn sang c©u nghi vÊn:
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Did + Subject + use to + Verb
= Used + Subject + to + verb.
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VÝ dô:
When David was young, did he use to swim once a day?
used he to swim once a day?
C©u phñ ®Þnh:
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Subject + didn’t + use to + Verb
= Subject + used not to + verb.
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VÝ dô:
When David was young, he didn’t use to swim once a day.
he used not to swim once a day.
get / be used to.
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Be / get used to + Ving
( trë nªn quen víi) (noun)
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Lu ý: Trong c«ng thøc (*) cã thÓ thay used to = Would nhng dÔ nhÇm lÉn.
C¸ch sö dông thµnh ng÷ Would rather
Would rather ... than = Prefer ... to
(ThÝch ... h¬n lµ; thµ ... h¬n lµ)
§»ng sau would rather ph¶i lµ mét ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ bá to (bare infinitive) nhng ®»ng sau prefer ph¶i lµ mét verb+ing.
VÝ dô:
John would rather drink Coca-Cola than orange juice.
John prefer drinking Coca-Cola to drinking orange juice.
Lu ý:
ViÖc sö dông thµnh ng÷ nµy cßn tuú thuéc vµo sè chñ ng÷ vµ nghÜa cña c©u
Lo¹i c©u cã mét chñ ng÷.
ë lo¹i c©u nµy chØ dïng Would rather (kh«ng cã than) vµ chia lµm 2 thêi :
Thêi hiÖn t¹i.
§éng tõ sau Would rather lµ nguyªn thÓ bá to. NÕu muèn dïng phñ ®Þnh ®Æt not tríc ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ bá to ( c«ng thøc 1)
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VÝ dô:
Jim would rather go to class tomorrow
Trong c©u nµy ngêi nãi muèn nãi Jim thÝch ®Õn líp vµo ngµy mai (chø h«m nay Jim kh«ng muèn)
Thêi qu¸ khø.
ë thêi qu¸ khø sau would rather lµ have + past participle (hay cßn gäi lµ ph©n tõ 2 - P2) - C«ng thøc 2.
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(2)
Subject + would rather + have + (P2)
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VÝ dô:
John would rather have gone to class yesterday than today ( John thÝch ®i häc vµo ngµy h«m qua h¬n ngµy h«m nay).
Lo¹i c©u cã 2 chñ ng÷
ë lo¹i c©u nµy thµnh ng÷ ®îc sö dông sÏ lµ Would rather that (íc g×, mong g×) vµ chia lµm nh÷ng mÉu c©u nh sau:
C©u gi¶ ®Þnh
Lµ lo¹i c©u diÔn ®¹t ý ngêi thø nhÊt muèn ngêi thø 2 lµm mét viÖc g× ®ã, nhng lµm hay kh«ng cßn tuú thuéc vµo vµo phÝa ngêi thø 2. Do vËy cÊu tróc ®éng tõ sau chñ ng÷ 2 ph¶i lµ nguyªn thÓ bá to - C«ng thøc 1.
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(1)
Subject1 + Would rather that + Subject2 + bare infinitive
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VÝ dô:
I would rather that Jones call me tomorrow ( T«i muèn Johnes gäi ®iÖn cho t«i vµo ngµy mai - Nhng Jones cã gäi ®iÖn cho ngêi nãi hay kh«ng cßn tuú vµo Jones).
We would rather that he take this train. (§¸p chuyÕn tµu ®ã hay kh«ng cßn tuú vµo anh Êy - Hä chØ muèn vËy).
§iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc hiÖn ®îc ë hiÖn t¹i (nghÜa cña c©u tr¸i víi thùc tÕ).
§éng tõ sau chñ ng÷ 2 sÏ chia ë Simple past, ®éng tõ to be sÏ ph¶i ®îc chia thµnh Were ë tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i - C«ng thøc 2
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(2)
Subject1 + would rather that + Subject2 + Simple past...
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VÝ dô:
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does
(In fact his girlfriend doesn’t work in the same department.)
Jane would rather that it were winter now.
(It is not winter now.)
NhËn xÐt:
- Trong c¸c c©u trªn nghÜa cña vÕ thø 2 lu«n tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë thêi ®iÓm hiÖn t¹i.
- NÕu muèn thµnh lËp thÓ phñ ®Þnh dïng
§iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thÓ thùc hiÖn ®îc trong qu¸ khø ( NghÜa cña c©u lµ tr¸i víi thùc tÕ.)
Trong lo¹i c©u nµy ®éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò thø 2 sÏ ph¶i ®îc chia ë Past perfect - C«ng thøc 1.
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VÝ dô:
Jim would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday.
(nhng trong thùc tÕ th× Jill ®· kh«ng tíi líp ngµy h«m qua vµ ngêi nãi chØ lÊy lµm tiÔc lµ Jill ®· kh«ng tíi líp vµo ngµy h«m qua.)
NhËn xÐt: Trªn thùc tÕ nghÜa cña to wish vµ would rather that (víi nghÜa íc, mong muèn) trong trêng hîp trªn lµ gièng nhau nhng Wish ®îc sö dông trong tiÕng Anh b×nh d©n (hµng ngµy). Cßn Would rather that mang kÞch tÝnh nhiÒu h¬n.
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