C¸ch sö dông thµnh ng÷ as if, as though.
(Cã nghÜa lµ : dêng nh lµ, nh thÓ lµ)
- MÖnh ®Ò ®»ng sau 2 thµnh ng÷ nµy thêng hay ë d¹ng ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thÓ thùc hiÖn ®îc vµ chia lµm 2 thêi:
Thêi hiÖn t¹i
NÕu ®éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò tríc chia ë simple present th× ®éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò sau ph¶i chia ë simple past, ®éng tõ to be sÏ ph¶i chia ë lµ were ë tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i.
-
as if
Subject + verb (simple present) + + subject + verb (simple past)
as though
|
VÝ dô:
The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer.
HiÖn t¹i qu¸ khø
(It is not winter.)
Angelique walks as though she studied modelling.
HiÖn t¹i qu¸ khø
(She didn’t study modelling)
He acts as though he were rich.
HiÖn t¹i qu¸ khø
(He is not rich)
Thêi qu¸ khø.
NÕu ®éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò tríc chia ë simple past th× ®éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò 2 ph¶i chia ë past perfect.
-
as if
as though
Subject + verb (simple past) + + subject + verb (past perfect)
|
VÝ dô:
Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize.
Past simple past perfect
(She didn’t win the grand prize.)
Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost.
Past simple past perfect
(She didn’t see a ghost.)
He looked as though he had run ten miles.
Past simple past perfect
(He didn’t run ten miles.)
C¶ 2 d¹ng chia ®ã sau as if ®Òu diÔn ®¹t ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thÓ thùc hiÖn ®îc.
Lu ý:
Trong mét sè trêng hîp nÕu ®iÒu kiÖn lµ cã thËt th× 2 c«ng thøc trªn kh«ng ®îc tu©n theo. §éng tõ l¹i trë vÒ d¹ng b×nh thêng theo diÔn biÕn cña c©u.
VÝ dô:
He looks as if he has finish the test.
C¸ch sö dông ®éng tõ To hope vµ to wish.
Hai ®éng tõ nµy tuy ®ång nghÜa nhng kh¸c nhau vÒ mÆt ng÷ ph¸p.
+ §»ng sau ®éng tõ to hope lµ mét c©u diÔn biÕn b×nh thêng.
VÝ dô:
I hope that they will come. ( I don’t know if they are coming.)
( T«i hy väng lµ hä sÏ tíi.)
We hope that they came yesterday. ( We don’t know if they came.)
+ Nhng ®éng tõ to wish l¹i ®ßi hái ®»ng sau nã ph¶i lµ mét ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thÓ thùc hiÖn ®îc. §iÒu kiÖn nµy chia lµm 3 thêi.
Thêi t¬ng lai.
§éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò sau sÏ ph¶i lµ Would / could + verb hoÆc were + Ving.
-
Could + verb
Subject + wish + (that) + Subject* + would + verb + ...
were + Ving
|
Subject* : cã thÓ lµ cïng hoÆc kh¸c chñ ng÷ víi chñ ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh.
VÝ dô:
We wish that you could come to the party tonight. (You can’t come.)
I wish that you would stop saying that. (You probably won’t stop.)
She wish that she were coming with us. ( She is not coming with us.)
Thêi hiÖn t¹i
§éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò 2 sÏ chia ë simple past. §éng tõ to be ph¶i chia lµm were ë tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i.
-
Subject + wish + (that) + Subject* + verb in simple past ...
|
VÝ dô:
I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework. ( I don’t have enough time.)
We wish that he were old enough to come with us. ( He is not old enough.)
They wish that they didn’t have to go to class today. ( They have to go to class.)
Thêi qu¸ khø.
§éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò sau sÏ ph¶i chia ë Past perfect hoÆc Could have + P2
-
Past perfect
Subject + wish + (that) + Subject +
Could have + P2
|
VÝ dô:
I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. ( I didn’t wash the clothes yesterday.)
She wish that she could have been there. ( She couldn’t be there.)
We wish that we had had more time last night. ( We didn’t have more time.)
Lu ý:
§éng tõ wish chØ cã thÓ ¶nh hëng ®Õn mÖnh ®Ò ®»ng sau nã b»ng c¸ch buéc mÖnh ®Ò ®ã ph¶i ë ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thÓ thùc hiÖn ®îc. Nhng ®iÒu kiÖn ®ã ë thêi nµo l¹i do thêi gian cña mÖnh ®Ò ®ã quyÕt ®Þnh kh«ng hÒ phô thuéc vµo thêi cña ®éng tõ to wish.
VÝ dô:
He wished that he could come to the party next week.
Qu¸ khø §iÒu kiÖn ë t¬ng lai T¬ng lai
Phï hîp vÒ thêi
The photographer wished that we stood closer together than we are standing now.
Qu¸ khø ®iÒu kiÖn ë hiÖn t¹i hiÖn t¹i
Phï hîp vÒ thêi
- Ph¶i ph©n biÖt víi to wish ë d¹ng c©u nµy víi nghÜa íc g×, mong g× víi to wish trong mÉu c©u sau:
-
To wish somebody something
|
VÝ dô:
I wish you a happy birthday.
Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn: |