VÊn ®Ò ®¹i tõ ®i tríc ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ hoÆc Ving lµm t©n ng÷.
- §øng tríc 1 ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ lµm t©n ng÷ th× d¹ng cña ®¹i tõ ph¶i lµ t©n ng÷.
-
Pronoun
Subject + verb + complement form + [ to + verb] ...
noun
|
Sau ®©y lµ b¶ng c¸c ®éng tõ ®ßi hái ®¹i tõ (hay danh tõ ) ®i sau nã ph¶i ë d¹ng t©n ng÷.
-
allow
invite
remind
|
ask
order
urge
|
beg
permit
want
|
convince
persuade
expect
|
instruct
prepare
promise
|
VÝ dô:
Joe asked Mary to call him when he woke up.
We ordered him to appear in court.
I urge you to consider your decision.
They were trying to persuade him to change his mind.
The teacher permitted them to turn their assignments in late.
You should prepare your son to take this examination.
Tuy nhiªn, ®øng tríc 1 Ving lµm t©n ng÷ th× d¹ng cña danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ ph¶i ë d¹ng së h÷u.
-
d¹ng së h÷u cña danh tõ
Chñ ng÷ + ®éng tõ + + [verb + ing] ...
tÝnh tõ së h÷u
|
VÝ dô:
We understand your not being able to stay longer.
He regrets her leaving.
We are looking forward to their coming next year.
We don’t approve of John’s buying this house.
We resent the teacher’s not announcing the test sooner.
We object to their calling at this hour.
C¸ch sö dông ®éng tõ b¸n khiÕm khuyÕt need vµ dare need
§éng tõ nµy ®îc sö dông ra sao cßn phô thuéc vµo danh tõ ®øng ®»ng sau nã lµ ®éng vËt hay bÊt ®éng vËt.
- khi chñ ng÷ lµ ®éng vËt (living thing)
-
Subject as a living thing + need + to + verb
|
(cÇn ph¶i lµm g×)
VÝ dô:
I need to clean my house.
John and his brother need to paint the house.
My friend needs to learn Spanish.
He will need to drive alone tonight.
-Tuy nhiªn khi chñ ng÷ lµ mét bÊt ®éng vËt (unliving thing) th× ®éng tõ sau need sÏ ®æi kh¸c.
-
Subject as unliving thing + need + [Verb + ing]
to be + P2
|
VÝ dô:
The grass needs to be cut. HoÆc The grass needs cutting.
The television needs repairing. HoÆc The television need to be repaired.
The composition needs rewriting. HoÆc The composition needs to be rewritten.
Lu ý:
-
need = to be in need of + noun
|
to be in need of + noun cã thÓ thay thÕ cho c¶ 2 c«ng thøc trªn.
VÝ dô:
Jill is in need of money = Jill needs money.
The roof is in need of repair = The roof needs to be repaired.
The organization was in need of volunteers = The organization needed volunteers.
Dare
- Dare kh«ng ®îc dïng nhiÒu ë kh¼ng ®Þnh. Nã chØ ®îc dïng ë phñ ®Þnh vµ nghi vÊn. §éng tõ sau nã theo lý thuyÕt lµ cã to nhng trªn thùc tÕ thêng bá to. Nã cã thÓ dïng víi trî ®éng tõ to do hoÆc dïng trùc tiÕp.
He doesn’t dare (to) say anything
= He dares not (to) say anything.
Does he dare (to) say anything = Dares he (to) say anything.
- Dare kh«ng ®îc dïng ë thÓ kh¼ng ®Þnh trõ trêng hîp - I dare say mang 2 nghÜa:
- T«i cho lµ.
VÝ dô: I dare say there will be a restaurant car at the end of the train.
- T«i c«ng nhËn lµ.
VÝ dô: I dare say you are right. T«i thõa nhËn lµ anh ®óng.
- How dare (dared) + subject ... (sao d¸m).
VÝ dô:
How dare you open my letter? Sao cËu d¸m bãc th cña t«i ra thÕ ?
- Dare cßn ®îc dïng nh 1 ngo¹i ®éng tõ mang nghÜa d¸m, th¸ch theo mÉu c©u sau:
-
(th¸ch ai lµm g×)
They dare the boy to swim across the river in the cold weather.
C¸ch dïng ®éng tõ to be + infinitive
Be + infinitive
- Nã ®îc dïng ®Ó truyÒn ®¹t nh÷ng mÖnh lÖnh hoÆc nh÷ng chØ dÉn ttõ ngêi thø nhÊt qua ngêi thø 2 tíi ngêi thø 3.
VÝ dô:
No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.
(kh«ng ai ®îc phÐp rêi toµ nhµ nµy mµ kh«ng ®îc phÐp cña c¶nh s¸t).
He is to stay here until we return.
(nã ph¶i ë l¹i ®©y cho tíi khi bän tao quay l¹i).
- Dïng víi mÖnh ®Ò if mang tÝnh b¾t buéc hoÆc mÖnh lÖnh.
VÝ dô:
Something must be done quickly if extinct birds are to be saved
He said if he fall asleep at the wheel, we were to wake him up.
- ®Ó truyÒn ®¹t mét dù ®Þnh.
VÝ dô:
She is to be married next month.
(c« Êy sÏ cíi vµo th¸ng tíi)
The expedition is to start in a week’s time.
CÊu tróc nµy rÊt th«ng dông trong b¸o chÝ vµ nÕu nã lµ tùa ®Ò b¸o th× ngêi ta bá be ®i ®Ó tiÕt kiÖm chç.
VÝ dô:
The Prime Minister is to make a statement tomorrow.
= The Prime Minister to make a statement tomorrow.
- Was/ were + infinitive
§Ó diÔn ®¹t 1 ý tëng vÒ sè mÖnh.
VÝ dô:
They said good bye without knowing that they were never to meet again.
(hä chia tay nhau mµ kh«ng biÕt r»ng sÏ ch¼ng bao giê hä gÆp l¹i nhau)
- To be about to + verb = near future = to be in the point of Ving.
Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn: |