Reopening the Maitreya-files – Two almost identical early Maitreya sūtra translations in the Chinese Canon: Wrong attributions and text-historical entanglements
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| jing 彌勒來時經 is mentioned in the list of the extant translations
of which the transla tors are unknown. 88 Further on in the Kaiyuan shijiao lu the Mile xiasheng jing 彌勒下生經 also appears in the list of translations attrib uted to Kumārajīva. 89 The catalogue says: The Mile chengfo jing 彌勒成佛經 in one scroll is the second trans- lation of the same Mile chengfo jing 彌勒成佛經 text that had been trans lated by Dharmarakṣa. It was translated [by Kumārajīva] in the fourth year of (the era) Hongshi 弘始 (402). The Mile xiasheng jing 彌勒下生經 in one scroll is also called the sūtra on “Maitreya receiving the vyākaraṇa” (Mile shoujue jing 彌勒受決 經 ). The text starts with the great Śāriputra’s inquiry. It is the same text as the Mile laishi jing 彌勒來時經. It is the fourth translation. It is further called Mile chengfo 彌勒成佛 as well as “(Maitreya’s) Future Descent and Buddha hood” (Dangxia chengfo 當下成佛). 90 nations on the text cf. 11a26–29, and for the introductory explanations to this section of the catalogue cf. 21b17–21c9. 85 Cf. T55, no. 2145, 22b29 for the text’s listing and 21b17–21c9 for the introduc tion to the list. 86 Cf. T55, no. 2145, 32c8 for the text, 37b13–16 for explanations on the listed texts, and (like above) 21b17–21c9 for the introduction to the list. 87 Cf. T55, no. 2154, 509c24. 88 Cf. T55, no. 2154, 503a1 for the title of the list and 510b11–16 for the fi nal com ments on the listed scriptures. 89 Cf. T55, no. 2154, 513c–515.3 for the comments on Kumārajīva. 90 Cf. T55, no. 2154, 512c11–12. 284 Elsa I. Legittimo Further, the Mile xiasheng jing 彌勒下生經 is also said to have been translated by Yueposhouna 月婆首那 in 554. His translation is said to be the fi fth translation of the sūtra, and is identifi ed with the text translated by Kumārajīva. Yueposhouna is said to have translated eleven scriptures in the middle of the sixth century, all listed with their titles. Out of these eleven texts six were extant when the Kai- yuan shijiao lu was composed and fi ve were lost. Yueposhouna’s Mai treya sūtra is listed among those works that were already lost. This is what we learn from the catalogue. 91 This translation might have disappeared as an individual text, but it is in my opinion not lost, as in the Ratnakūṭa we have a sūtra trans lated by Yueposhouna that is probably the Maitreya ver- sion Zhi sheng, the author of the Kaiyuan shijiao lu, believed to be lost. 92 By no means is it the same sūtra that Kumārajīva trans- lated. Although it is also a Maitreya sūtra, it is, compared to the other extant texts, a generously extended Mahāyāna version. The sūtra is known as the Mai treyamahāsiṃhanāda. With over 20000 characters in total, it fi lls two scrolls of the Ratnakūṭa and is prob- ably the longest available Mai treya sūtra. In scroll one it contains, among other narrations, long discussions between the Buddha and Maitreya, and in scroll two it includes some of the core events also narrated in the canonical Mai treya versions: the great cakravartin king, the increased lifespan, the arrival of the future Buddha and so forth. 91 Cf. T55, no. 2154, 538b10 for the mentioning of the text and 538a22– 27 and 538b15–16 for the comments. 92 Cf. the Da baoji jing 大寶積經 (T11, no. 310, scrolls 88 and 89, sec- tion 23 (Mohe jiaye hui 摩訶迦葉會), 501b–514b). The Ratnakūṭa was compiled by Bodhi ruci on the ba sis of already extant as well as new translations at the end of the 7 th or the beginning of the 8 th century, and at least two decades before the composition of the Kaiyuan shijiao lu. For some reason Bodhiruci did not keep or use a Maitreya-title when he inserted the sūtra into the great Ratnakūṭa collection. Zhisheng’s failure to trace this version in the Kaiyuan shi jiao lu is understandable. As the tải về 1.27 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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