Reopening the Maitreya-files – Two almost identical early Maitreya sūtra translations in the Chinese Canon: Wrong attributions and text-historical entanglements
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| chengfo jing 勒大成佛經, now no. 456 attributed to Kumārajīva is
by far the longest (8383 characters) of the fi ve Maitreya sūtras in ques tion. Since it is not mentioned in the Kaiyuan shijiao lu under this name, the present title should be regarded as a later invention. The text corresponds to the sūtra that has seventeen pages. In an- cient times it was most frequently called Mile chengfo jing 彌勒成 佛經, and sometimes it was also called Mile danglai xiasheng jing 彌勒當來下生經. Kumārajīva’s translation is said to have replaced Dharma rakṣa’s fi rst translation. Whether both transla tions ever ex- isted at the same time, or whether Dharmarakṣa’s translation was lost before the new translation was produced, is not clear. It cannot, of course, be verifi ed how similar these two versions actually were. The catalogues agree however in saying that this sūtra was “only” translated twice, that Dharmarakṣa’s translation did not survive and that this sūtra is diff erent from the other Maitreya sūtras. Moreover, although the title Mile xiasheng chengfo jing 彌勒下 生成佛經 is used for two Maitreya sūtras in the present Taishō edi- tion (no. 454 and 455), the Chu sanzang jiji never refers to this title. In fact, when a sūtra was translated several times, its title could change considerably. The Kaiyuan shijiao lu uses this title only to refer to the sūtra translated by Yijing. Besides the above mentioned entries, the Kaiyuan shijiao lu lists it under Yijing’s translations Reopening the Maitreya-fi les 289 and says that it has one scroll, that it is the sixth trans lation of the text called Mile xia jing 彌勒下經, which was also translated by Kumārajīva, and that Yijing’s translation was com pleted in the year 701 (Dazu yuannian 大足元年). 106 The extant Taishō no. 455 has 2258 characters and coincides well with the fi ve pages it is said to have fi lled. Next, the Mile laishi jing彌勒來時經 does not appear in the Chu sanzang jiji under its present title either. But the catalogue lists a sūtra called Mile shoujue jing 彌勒受決經 among those scriptures that were extant but their translators’ names lost. 107 The Kaiyuan shijiao lu notes that the Mile laishi jing 彌勒來時經 is an extant anonymous translation, the third translation of a group of similar sūtras, and that it is the smallest one among those that survived. This text can be identifi ed as no. 457 in the Taishō edition. We further have in the Taishō edition the Mile xiasheng chengfo jing 彌勒下生成佛經 (no. 454), a title which, as stated above, is not mentioned in the Chu sanzang jiji. This sūtra is thought to belong to the same group as Yijing’s translation (no. 455). The author of the Chu sanzang jiji however mentions two Maitreya sūtras attrib- uted to Kumārajīva: the Mile chengfo jing 彌勒成佛經 and the Mile xiasheng jing 彌勒下生經. The fi rst one could already be identifi ed as no. 456, and the second one is no. 454. The sūtra no. 454 is a translation of the Maitreya sūtra which the Kaiyuan shijiao lu tells us was translated a total of six times. Three translations were and are still extant and can be identifi ed: the third is the anonymous translation no. 457, the fourth is Kumā- rajīva’s no. 454, and the sixth is Yijing’s no. 455. The three lost translations (the fi rst, second and fi fth among the total of six) might have been: an anonymous translation of a sūtra called Mile danglai sheng jing 彌勒當來生經, an anonymous translation called Mile zuofo shishi jing 彌勒作佛時事經, and Paramārtha’s translation of a sūtra entitled Mile xiasheng jing 彌勒下生經. To this, we should add that Yueposhouna is also said to have pro duced the fi fth trans- 106 Cf. T55, no. 2154, 567b1–2 for the text and 568b4–569b4 for the pas- sage on Yijing. 107 Cf. T55, no. 2145, 32c8 and 21b17–21c9. 290 Elsa I. Legittimo lation, and that this was believed to have been lost, although it is still extant within the Ratnakūṭa. In sum, the Mile xiasheng jing 彌勒下生經 (no. 453), the sūtra wrongly attributed to Dharmarakṣa, is in fact only mentioned in the catalogues as a text extracted from the Ekottarika-āgama, and the Maitreya text translated by Dharmarakṣa was lost already at the time of the earliest catalogues, and belonged to the other Mai treya sūtra that was translated six times. tải về 1.27 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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