Mao tu bat dinh 1/ a ®øng tríc mét phô m hoÆc mét nguyªn m(o,y,e,u,a) cã m lµ phô m. VÝ dô: a
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| §éng tõ khiÕm khuyÕt (Modal Auxiliaries) ---> Can &Could , May &Might , Must , Ought ,Shall &Should , Will &Would , Need , Dare , Used
DONH TU KHIEM KHUYET §éng tõ khiÕm khuyÕt (Modal Auxiliaries) ---> Can &Could , May &Might , Must , Ought ,Shall &Should , Will &Would , Need , Dare , Used 1/ §Æc ®iÓm : - Kh«ng cã s ë ng«i thø ba sè Ýt. Ch¼ng h¹n, He must (Anh ta ph¶i), She can (C« ta cã thÓ). - Kh«ng cã nguyªn mÉu vµ ph©n tõ, nªn còng kh«ng dïng ë thÓ liªn tiÕn. - Theo sau ®éng tõ khiÕm khuyÕt lµ Nguyªn mÉu kh«ng cã To (ngo¹i trõ Ought ). Ch¼ng h¹n, We should / must try our best (Chóng ta nªn/ph¶i cè g¾ng hÕt søc m×nh), nhng We ought to try our best (Chóng ta ph¶i cè g¾ng hÕt søc m×nh). - Could, Might, Should vµ Would lµ c¸c h×nh thøc qu¸ khø, nhng dïng rÊt h¹n chÕ.
- Can you speak Vietnamese ? (Anh nãi tiÕng ViÖt Nam ®îc kh«ng?) - She cannot / can't swim faster (C« ta kh«ng thÓ b¬i nhanh h¬n) - Can I smoke here? (T«i hót thuèc ë ®©y ®îc kh«ng ¹?) - You can come with me, if you like (Anh cã thÓ ®i víi t«i, nÕu anh thÝch) - We cannot / can't make a lot of noise at work (Chóng ta kh«ng ®îc to tiÕng ë n¬i lµm viÖc) - Can you help me with this door ? (Anh cã thÓ gióp t«i më cöa nµy hay kh«ng?) - Hanoi can be rainy (™ Hµ Néi cã thÓ ma nhiÒu) - Couldn't we stand here for a moment ? (Chóng ta kh«ng ®øng ®©y chèc l¸t ®îc sao?) - Could I ask you a question? (T«i hái anh mét c©u ®îc kh«ng ¹?) - Don't worry - she could have just told you a joke (§õng lo - cã lÏ c« Êy chØ nãi ®ïa víi anh th«i) - On arrival in France, I shall be in touch with your family (Khi ®Õn Ph¸p, t«i sÏ liªn l¹c víi gia ®×nh anh) - Shall we be there in time for the press conference? (Chóng ta sÏ ®Õn ®ã kÞp buæi häp b¸o hay kh«ng?) - Our company shall not / shan't be responsible for any damage caused by customers (C«ng ty chóng t«i sÏ kh«ng chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm vÒ bÊt cø thiÖt h¹i nµo do kh¸ch hµng g©y ra) - Tomorrow will be her birthday (Ngµy mai sÏ lµ sinh nhËt cña c« ta) - She will never forget the horrific scenes after that flood (C« ta sÏ kh«ng bao giê quªn ®îc nh÷ng c¶nh tîng h·i hïng sau trËn lôt Êy) - Will you please come in ? (Mêi anh vµo) - Will you have a drink? (Anh uèng thø g× nhÐ?) - May I turn on the air-conditioner? (T«i bËt m¸y l¹nh ®îc kh«ng ¹?) - You may turn on the air-conditioner if you wish (Anh cã thÓ bËt m¸y l¹nh nÕu anh thÝch) - Hoa may not cook today (Cã thÓ h«m nay Hoa kh«ng nÊu ¨n) - She may be cooking in the kitchen (Cã thÓ c« Êy ®ang nÊu ¨n trong bÕp) - She may have forgotten to cook me my lunch (Cã thÓ c« Êy ®· quªn nÊu c¬m tra cho t«i) - May our friendship last forever ! (Chóc t×nh h÷u nghÞ gi÷a chóng ta ®êi ®êi bÒn v÷ng!) - May good fortune attend you ! (Chóc anh nhiÒu may m¾n!) - He said that his wife might be short-sighted (Anh ta nãi r»ng cã lÏ vî anh ta bÞ cËn thÞ) - Hoa might not be able to translate this sentence into Chinese (Cã lÏ Hoa kh«ng ®ñ søc dÞch c©u nµy ra tiÕng Hoa) - Might I ask another question? (T«i hái thªm mét c©u ®îc kh«ng ¹?) - Candidates must answer the following questions (ThÝ sinh ph¶i tr¶ lêi c¸c c©u hái sau ®©y) - Candidates must not / musn't exchange views during examination (ThÝ sinh kh«ng ®îc trao ®æi ý kiÕn víi nhau trong khi thi) - He must be exhausted after ten years' imprisonment (Ch¾c lµ h¾n ®· kiÖt søc sau mêi n¨m tï) - You must have known who she was (H¼n anh ®· biÕt bµ ta lµ ai råi) - Does he have to take exercise every morning before breakfast? (S¸ng nµo «ng ta còng ph¶i tËp thÓ dôc råi míi ¨n ®iÓm t©m µ?) - This room is too stuffy, so you don't have to close the door (Phßng nµy qu¸ ngét ng¹t, nªn b¹n khái ph¶i ®ãng cöa) - Any driver ought to obey traffic regulations (Tµi xÕ nµo còng ph¶i chÊp hµnh luËt giao th«ng) - We ought not / oughtn't to say we are freshmen (Chóng ta kh«ng nªn nãi m×nh lµ sinh viªn n¨m thø nhÊt) - Trang ought to have been a fashion model (§¸ng lÏ Trang ph¶i lµ ngêi mÉu thêi trang) - You should inform the director of this problem (Anh nªn b¸o cho gi¸m ®èc biÕt vÊn ®Ò nµy) - Children should not / shouldn't keep late hours (TrÎ em kh«ng nªn thøc khuya) - If we had much money, we should buy a larger house (NÕu chóng t«i cã nhiÒu tiÒn, chóng t«i sÏ mua mét c¨n nhµ to h¬n) - Should anyone come here, please tell them I'm not at home (NÕu cã ai ®Õn ®©y, h·y nãi víi hä r»ng t«i kh«ng cã ë nhµ) - The floor should be less slippery today (Ch¾c lµ h«m nay sµn nhµ ®· bít tr¬n trît) - He should / shouldn't have apologized to them (LÏ ra anh ta nªn/kh«ng nªn xin lçi hä) - If you had your hair well cut, you would look much younger (NÕu c¾t tãc gän gµng l¹i th× tr«ng anh trÎ h¬n nhiÒu) - If he hadn't been somnolent, he would not / wouldn't have run over my dog (NÕu anh ta kh«ng ngñ gËt th× ®· kh«ng c¸n ph¶i con chã cña t«i) - Would you like some sugar in your tea? (Anh thÝch bá tÝ ®êng vµo trµ hay kh«ng?)) - We hoped that they would get better results (Chóng t«i hy väng hä sÏ ®¹t ®îc kÕt qu¶ kh¶ quan h¬n) - I dare say / daresay these students will fail in their law finals (T«i d¸m ch¾c r»ng c¸c sinh viªn nµy sÏ trît kú thi tèt nghiÖp ngµnh luËt) - I dare not / daren't affirm it (T«i kh«ng d¸m kh¼ng ®Þnh ®iÒu ®ã) - Nobody dared sleep in a haunted house (Kh«ng ai d¸m ngñ trong mét c¨n nhµ cã ma) - Daren't he appear in public? (¤ng ta kh«ng d¸m xuÊt hiÖn gi÷a c«ng chóng hay sao?) - How dare she leave the classroom without asking my permission ! (Sao c« ta d¸m ra khái líp mµ kh«ng xin phÐp t«i !) - I wonder if they dare go home after midnight (T«i kh«ng râ chóng cã d¸m vÒ nhµ sau nöa ®ªm hay kh«ng) - Need you consult a doctor about your megrim? (Bµ cã cÇn b¸c sÜ kh¸m vÒ chøng ®au nöa ®Çu hay kh«ng?) - You need not / needn't be in a hurry (C¸c b¹n ch¼ng cÇn ph¶i véi vµng) - You need not / needn't have been in such a hurry (LÏ ra c¸c b¹n kh«ng cÇn ph¶i véi vµng nh vËy) - Nobody need be anxious for me (Kh«ng ai ph¶i lo l¾ng cho t«i c¶) - You used to drink beer, didn't you? (Tríc kia anh thêng uèng bia, cã ph¶i kh«ng?) - I used to drink beer, now I prefer fresh pineapple juice (Tríc kia t«i thêng uèng bia, nay t«i l¹i thÝch níc døa t¬i h¬n) - Used you to drink beer ?/ Did you use to drink beer ? (Tríc kia anh cã hay uèng bia kh«ng?) - I used not / usedn't / didn't use to like alcoholic drinks (T«i vèn kh«ng a thøc uèng cã cån) TRA LOI BANG TRO DONG TU VA DT KHIEM KHUYET §éng tõ khiÕm khuyÕt (Modal Auxiliaries) ---> Can &Could , May &Might , Must , Ought ,Shall &Should , Will &Would , Need , Dare , Used 1/ §Æc ®iÓm : - Kh«ng cã s ë ng«i thø ba sè Ýt. Ch¼ng h¹n, He must (Anh ta ph¶i), She can (C« ta cã thÓ). - Kh«ng cã nguyªn mÉu vµ ph©n tõ, nªn còng kh«ng dïng ë thÓ liªn tiÕn. - Theo sau ®éng tõ khiÕm khuyÕt lµ Nguyªn mÉu kh«ng cã To (ngo¹i trõ Ought ). Ch¼ng h¹n, We should / must try our best (Chóng ta nªn/ph¶i cè g¾ng hÕt søc m×nh), nhng We ought to try our best (Chóng ta ph¶i cè g¾ng hÕt søc m×nh). - Could, Might, Should vµ Would lµ c¸c h×nh thøc qu¸ khø, nhng dïng rÊt h¹n chÕ.
- Can you speak Vietnamese ? (Anh nãi tiÕng ViÖt Nam ®îc kh«ng?) - She cannot / can't swim faster (C« ta kh«ng thÓ b¬i nhanh h¬n) - Can I smoke here? (T«i hót thuèc ë ®©y ®îc kh«ng ¹?) - You can come with me, if you like (Anh cã thÓ ®i víi t«i, nÕu anh thÝch) - We cannot / can't make a lot of noise at work (Chóng ta kh«ng ®îc to tiÕng ë n¬i lµm viÖc) - Can you help me with this door ? (Anh cã thÓ gióp t«i më cöa nµy hay kh«ng?) - Hanoi can be rainy (™ Hµ Néi cã thÓ ma nhiÒu) - Couldn't we stand here for a moment ? (Chóng ta kh«ng ®øng ®©y chèc l¸t ®îc sao?) - Could I ask you a question? (T«i hái anh mét c©u ®îc kh«ng ¹?) - Don't worry - she could have just told you a joke (§õng lo - cã lÏ c« Êy chØ nãi ®ïa víi anh th«i) - On arrival in France, I shall be in touch with your family (Khi ®Õn Ph¸p, t«i sÏ liªn l¹c víi gia ®×nh anh) - Shall we be there in time for the press conference? (Chóng ta sÏ ®Õn ®ã kÞp buæi häp b¸o hay kh«ng?) - Our company shall not / shan't be responsible for any damage caused by customers (C«ng ty chóng t«i sÏ kh«ng chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm vÒ bÊt cø thiÖt h¹i nµo do kh¸ch hµng g©y ra) - Tomorrow will be her birthday (Ngµy mai sÏ lµ sinh nhËt cña c« ta) - She will never forget the horrific scenes after that flood (C« ta sÏ kh«ng bao giê quªn ®îc nh÷ng c¶nh tîng h·i hïng sau trËn lôt Êy) - Will you please come in ? (Mêi anh vµo) - Will you have a drink? (Anh uèng thø g× nhÐ?) - May I turn on the air-conditioner? (T«i bËt m¸y l¹nh ®îc kh«ng ¹?) - You may turn on the air-conditioner if you wish (Anh cã thÓ bËt m¸y l¹nh nÕu anh thÝch) - Hoa may not cook today (Cã thÓ h«m nay Hoa kh«ng nÊu ¨n) - She may be cooking in the kitchen (Cã thÓ c« Êy ®ang nÊu ¨n trong bÕp) - She may have forgotten to cook me my lunch (Cã thÓ c« Êy ®· quªn nÊu c¬m tra cho t«i) - May our friendship last forever ! (Chóc t×nh h÷u nghÞ gi÷a chóng ta ®êi ®êi bÒn v÷ng!) - May good fortune attend you ! (Chóc anh nhiÒu may m¾n!) - He said that his wife might be short-sighted (Anh ta nãi r»ng cã lÏ vî anh ta bÞ cËn thÞ) - Hoa might not be able to translate this sentence into Chinese (Cã lÏ Hoa kh«ng ®ñ søc dÞch c©u nµy ra tiÕng Hoa) - Might I ask another question? (T«i hái thªm mét c©u ®îc kh«ng ¹?) - Candidates must answer the following questions (ThÝ sinh ph¶i tr¶ lêi c¸c c©u hái sau ®©y) - Candidates must not / musn't exchange views during examination (ThÝ sinh kh«ng ®îc trao ®æi ý kiÕn víi nhau trong khi thi) - He must be exhausted after ten years' imprisonment (Ch¾c lµ h¾n ®· kiÖt søc sau mêi n¨m tï) - You must have known who she was (H¼n anh ®· biÕt bµ ta lµ ai råi) - Does he have to take exercise every morning before breakfast? (S¸ng nµo «ng ta còng ph¶i tËp thÓ dôc råi míi ¨n ®iÓm t©m µ?) - This room is too stuffy, so you don't have to close the door (Phßng nµy qu¸ ngét ng¹t, nªn b¹n khái ph¶i ®ãng cöa) - Any driver ought to obey traffic regulations (Tµi xÕ nµo còng ph¶i chÊp hµnh luËt giao th«ng) - We ought not / oughtn't to say we are freshmen (Chóng ta kh«ng nªn nãi m×nh lµ sinh viªn n¨m thø nhÊt) - Trang ought to have been a fashion model (§¸ng lÏ Trang ph¶i lµ ngêi mÉu thêi trang) - You should inform the director of this problem (Anh nªn b¸o cho gi¸m ®èc biÕt vÊn ®Ò nµy) - Children should not / shouldn't keep late hours (TrÎ em kh«ng nªn thøc khuya) - If we had much money, we should buy a larger house (NÕu chóng t«i cã nhiÒu tiÒn, chóng t«i sÏ mua mét c¨n nhµ to h¬n) - Should anyone come here, please tell them I'm not at home (NÕu cã ai ®Õn ®©y, h·y nãi víi hä r»ng t«i kh«ng cã ë nhµ) - The floor should be less slippery today (Ch¾c lµ h«m nay sµn nhµ ®· bít tr¬n trît) - He should / shouldn't have apologized to them (LÏ ra anh ta nªn/kh«ng nªn xin lçi hä) - If you had your hair well cut, you would look much younger (NÕu c¾t tãc gän gµng l¹i th× tr«ng anh trÎ h¬n nhiÒu) - If he hadn't been somnolent, he would not / wouldn't have run over my dog (NÕu anh ta kh«ng ngñ gËt th× ®· kh«ng c¸n ph¶i con chã cña t«i) - Would you like some sugar in your tea? (Anh thÝch bá tÝ ®êng vµo trµ hay kh«ng?)) - We hoped that they would get better results (Chóng t«i hy väng hä sÏ ®¹t ®îc kÕt qu¶ kh¶ quan h¬n) - I dare say / daresay these students will fail in their law finals (T«i d¸m ch¾c r»ng c¸c sinh viªn nµy sÏ trît kú thi tèt nghiÖp ngµnh luËt) - I dare not / daren't affirm it (T«i kh«ng d¸m kh¼ng ®Þnh ®iÒu ®ã) - Nobody dared sleep in a haunted house (Kh«ng ai d¸m ngñ trong mét c¨n nhµ cã ma) - Daren't he appear in public? (¤ng ta kh«ng d¸m xuÊt hiÖn gi÷a c«ng chóng hay sao?) - How dare she leave the classroom without asking my permission ! (Sao c« ta d¸m ra khái líp mµ kh«ng xin phÐp t«i !) - I wonder if they dare go home after midnight (T«i kh«ng râ chóng cã d¸m vÒ nhµ sau nöa ®ªm hay kh«ng) - Need you consult a doctor about your megrim? (Bµ cã cÇn b¸c sÜ kh¸m vÒ chøng ®au nöa ®Çu hay kh«ng?) - You need not / needn't be in a hurry (C¸c b¹n ch¼ng cÇn ph¶i véi vµng) - You need not / needn't have been in such a hurry (LÏ ra c¸c b¹n kh«ng cÇn ph¶i véi vµng nh vËy) - Nobody need be anxious for me (Kh«ng ai ph¶i lo l¾ng cho t«i c¶) - You used to drink beer, didn't you? (Tríc kia anh thêng uèng bia, cã ph¶i kh«ng?) - I used to drink beer, now I prefer fresh pineapple juice (Tríc kia t«i thêng uèng bia, nay t«i l¹i thÝch níc døa t¬i h¬n) - Used you to drink beer ?/ Did you use to drink beer ? (Tríc kia anh cã hay uèng bia kh«ng?) - I used not / usedn't / didn't use to like alcoholic drinks (T«i vèn kh«ng a thøc uèng cã cån)
- I'm short-listed, aren't I? (T«i ®îc vµo danh s¸ch vßng trong, ph¶i kh«ng?) - You were waiting outside at that time, weren't you? (Lóc Êy c¸c anh ®ang ®îi bªn ngoµi, ph¶i kh«ng?) - He was killed by a stray bullet, wasn't he? (H¾n chÕt v× ®¹n l¹c, ph¶i kh«ng?) - Hoa short-circuited the washing-machine, didn't she? (Hoa lµm cho m¸y giÆt bÞ chËp m¹ch, ph¶i kh«ng?) - You like American films, don't you? (Anh thÝch phim Mü, ph¶i kh«ng?) - We have lived here for more than five years, haven't we? (Chóng ta sèng ë ®©y ®· h¬n n¨m n¨m, ph¶i kh«ng?) - Lan was a typist, wasn't she? (Lan lµ nh©n viªn ®¸nh m¸y, ph¶i kh«ng?) - You can speak Vietnamese, can't you? (Anh nãi ®îc tiÕng ViÖt Nam, ph¶i kh«ng?) - Everybody held him in high regard, didn't they? (Mäi ngêi ®Òu kÝnh träng «ng ta, ph¶i kh«ng?) - Lan wasn't there, was she? (Lan kh«ng cã ë ®ã, ph¶i kh«ng?) - They didn't bid you good morning, did they? (Hä kh«ng chµo anh, ph¶i kh«ng?) - Bill couldn't speak Vietnamese, could he? (Bill kh«ng nãi ®îc tiÕng ViÖt Nam, ph¶i kh«ng?) - There wasn't enough vermicelli for latecomers, was there? (Kh«ng cã ®ñ miÕn cho nh÷ng ngêi ®Õn muén, ph¶i kh«ng?) - We shouldn't keep those medicines within the children's reach, should we? (Chóng ta kh«ng nªn ®Ó nh÷ng lo¹i thuèc nµy trong tÇm tay trÎ em, ph¶i kh«ng?) - Nothing is given away, is it? (Ch¼ng cã g× ®îc biÕu kh«ng c¶, ph¶i kh«ng?) DT NGUEYN MAU H×nh thøc
Nguyªn mÉu ®Çy ®ñ = To + ®éng tõ. Ch¼ng h¹n, To deal with drug addicts is dangerous hoÆc It is dangerous to deal with drug addicts (Giao du víi ngêi nghiÖn ma tóy lµ nguy hiÓm). §«i khi kh«ng cã To ®øng tríc ®éng tõ vµ ®©y chÝnh lµ trêng hîp Nguyªn mÉu kh«ng cã To . Ch¼ng h¹n, We shouldn't deal with drug addicts (Chóng ta kh«ng nªn giao du víi ngêi nghiÖn ma tóy), He will come back (Anh ta sÏ trë l¹i). # Phñ ®Þnh cña nguyªn mÉu = Not + to + ®éng tõ. Ch¼ng h¹n, They decide not to attend the next symposium (Hä quyÕt ®Þnh kh«ng dù héi nghÞ chuyªn ®Ò s¾p tíi). # Nguyªn mÉu chÎ (Split infinitive) lµ trêng hîp chÌn c¸c phã tõ Really , completely , entirely , duly , unduly ... vµo gi÷a To vµ ®éng tõ. Ch¼ng h¹n, To duly punish serious crimes, National Assembly has made several amendments to the penal code (§Ó trõng ph¹t thÝch ®¸ng c¸c träng téi, Quèc héi ®· cã nhiÒu söa ®æi trong bé luËt h×nh sù).
b) §ãng vai trß bæ ng÷. Ch¼ng h¹n, Their mission was to destroy the enemy naval bases (NhiÖm vô cña hä lµ ph¸ hñy c¸c c¨n cø h¶i qu©n cña ®Þch). c) Sau c¸c ®éng tõ Agree , aim , appear , arrange , ask , attempt , bother , care (phñ ®Þnh hoÆc nghi vÊn), choose , claim , condescend , consent , decide , demand , determine, be determined , endeavour , fail , forget , guarantee , happen , hesitate, hope , know, learn , long , manage, neglect , offer , plan , be prepared, pretend , proceed , promise , prove , refuse, remember , resolve , seem , swear , tend , threaten , trouble , try , volunteer , vow , wonder .
- They arranged to meet at the riverside five-star hotel (Hä tho¶ thuËn gÆp nhau t¹i kh¸ch s¹n n¨m sao ven s«ng) - She didn't bother/trouble to answer straightforwardly (Bµ ta kh«ng chÞu tr¶ lêi th¼ng th¾n) - The boy asks to go swimming with his classmates (CËu bÐ xin phÐp ®i b¬i víi c¸c b¹n cïng líp) - Would you care to dance? (Anh thÝch khiªu vò hay kh«ng?) - The banker condescended to say hello to his poor neighbours yesterday morning (S¸ng h«m qua, «ng chñ ng©n hµng ®· h¹ m×nh mµ chµo nh÷ng ngêi l¸ng giÒng nghÌo khæ) - Soldiers were determined to fight till the last (Binh sÜ quyÕt t©m chiÕn ®Êu ®Õn h¬i thë cuèi cïng) - The strikers failed to reach a settlement with their employer (Phe ®×nh c«ng kh«ng ®¹t ®îc mét tho¶ thuËn víi «ng chñ) - The employer threatened to dismiss anyone claiming a pay rise (¤ng chñ do¹ sa th¶i bÊt cø ngêi nµo ®ßi t¨ng l¬ng) - They seem to be quarrelling about money matters (Dêng nh hä ®ang c·i nhau vÒ chuyÖn tiÒn nong) - The girl pretended to be making herself up (C« g¸i gi¶ vê ®ang trang trang ®iÓm) - I want to know how to use this device (T«i muèn biÕt c¸ch dïng c¸ch dïng thiÕt bÞ nµy) - We are wondering whether to be angry with her or with her friends (Chóng t«i ph©n v©n kh«ng biÕt nªn giËn c« ta hay giËn b¹n c« ta) d) Sau Assume , Believe , Consider , Deem , Know , Think (nhÊt lµ ë d¹ng thô ®éng) . VÝ dô : - Everyone must assume her to be innocent until she is proved guilty of blackmail (Mäi ngêi ph¶i xem c« ta lµ v« téi ®Õn khi nµo chøng minh ®îc r»ng c« ta ph¹m téi tèng tiÒn) - He is known to be a benevolent doctor (¤ng ta næi tiÕng lµ mét b¸c sÜ nh©n hËu) - Smoking is known to be harmful (Ai còng biÕt hót thuèc lµ cã h¹i) - The thieves were thought to be hiding in the wood-shed (Bän trém bÞ cho lµ ®ang trèn trong kho cñi) - The four escapees are believed to have suffered shipwreck off Cape Horn (Ngêi ta tin r»ng bèn kÎ vît ngôc ®· bÞ ®¾m tµu ë ngoµi kh¬i mòi Horn) e) Sau Be about , be able, afford, do one's best , make an/every effort , make up one's mind , occur , set out, take the trouble, turn out . VÝ dô : - They stayed at home because they couldn't afford to get tickets for the Cup Final (Hä ë nhµ v× kh«ng ®ñ tiÒn mua vÐ xem trËn chung kÕt Cóp v« ®Þch) - They have made up their mind to join their family in Vietnam (Hä ®· quyÕt ®Þnh ®i ®oµn tô víi gia ®×nh t¹i ViÖt Nam) - It never occurred to him to help anyone (H¾n ch¼ng bao giê n¶y ra ý nghÜ gióp ai) - The director-general turned out to be one of my fellow countrymen (Ho¸ ra «ng tæng gi¸m ®èc lµ ngêi ®ång h¬ng víi t«i) f) Sau Advise, allow , ask , beg , command , compel , enable, encourage , expect , forbid , force , implore , induce , instruct , invite , oblige , order , permit , persuade , remind , request , show , teach , tell , train , urge , want , warn .
- I want you to go there with me (T«i muèn anh ®i víi t«i ®Õn ®ã) - They asked Bill to finish his work as soon as possible (Hä yªu cÇu Bill hoµn thµnh c«ng viÖc cµng sím cµng tèt) - She always expects his husband to earn more and more money (C« ta lu«n mong chång m×nh ngµy cµng kiÕm ®îc nhiÒu tiÒn h¬n) - My parents taught me never to tell lies (Bè mÑ t«i d¹y t«i kh«ng bao giê ®îc nãi dèi) - Show us how to operate this machine-gun (H·y chØ chóng t«i c¸ch sö dông khÈu sóng m¸y nµy) - Tell her to take medicine before bedtime (H·y b¶o bµ Êy uèng thuèc tríc khi ®i ngñ) g) Sau The first , the second , the last , the only hoÆc sau h×nh thøc so s¸nh cùc cÊp ®Ó thay cho mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ. VÝ dô : - They are the first to leave all their money to charity (Hä lµ nh÷ng ngêi ®Çu tiªn ®Ó l¹i toµn bé tiÒn b¹c cho c«ng cuéc tõ thiÖn) - She was the only person in her village to study abroad (C« ta lµ ngêi duy nhÊt trong lµng ®i häc ë níc ngoµi) - It is one of the best comedies to be performed last year (§ã lµ mét trong nh÷ng hµi kÞch hay nhÊt ®îc diÔn trong n¨m qua) h) Sau c¸c tÝnh tõ Sorry, Anxious , Happy , Glad , Pleased , Ready , Proud , Ashamed , Afraid , Surprised , Sure , Reluctant , Unwilling ... VÝ dô : - The young soldier was reluctant to give us a lift to the provincial polyclinic (Ngêi lÝnh trÎ miÔn cìng cho chóng t«i ®i nhê xe ®Õn bÖnh viÖn ®a khoa tØnh) - We are very surprised to see such scoundrels in a so-called institution (Chóng t«i rÊt ng¹c nhiªn khi thÊy nh÷ng kÎ c«n ®å nh vËy ë mét n¬i gäi lµ c¬ së tõ thiÖn) - He was proud to be a nobleman (H¾n tù hµo lµ m×nh thuéc dßng dâi quÝ téc) - I am ashamed to criticize my colleagues (T«i ng¹i phª b×nh b¹n ®ång nghiÖp) i) Sau Too + tÝnh tõ / phã tõ , Too + tÝnh tõ + a + danh tõ, TÝnh tõ / Phã tõ + enough. VÝ dô : - He is too short to become a pilot (H¾n qu¸ thÊp, nªn kh«ng thÓ lµm phi c«ng) - You speak too quickly for me to understand thoroughly (Anh nãi qu¸ nhanh, nªn t«i kh«ng hiÓu râ) - Bi was too numerate a pupil to succumb to such simple problems (Bi lµ mét häc sinh qu¸ giái to¸n, nªn kh«ng thÓ chÞu thua nh÷ng bµi to¸n ®¬n gi¶n nh vËy) - This concrete bridge isn't strong enough to support heavy lorries (ChiÕc cÇu bª t«ng nµy kh«ng ®ñ v÷ng ®Ó chÞu ®îc xe t¶i nÆng) - All athletes jumped high enough to reach the basket (TÊt c¶ c¸c vËn ®éng viªn ®Òu nh¶y ®ñ cao ®Ó vãi tíi c¸i ræ) j) Sau c¸c danh tõ Ability , ambition, anxiety , attempt , decision , demand , desire , determination , eagerness , effort , failure , offer , plan , promise , refusal , request , scheme , willingness , wish .
- Upstart officials often nurse their ambition to become the well-known statesmen (Quan chøc míi phÊt lªn thêng nu«i tham väng trë thµnh chÝnh kh¸ch lõng danh) - I want to know the sanctions against the failure to comply with traffic regulations (T«i muèn biÕt biÖn ph¸p trõng ph¹t trêng hîp kh«ng tu©n thñ luËt ®i ®êng)
- Why did you take so much milk? - I had to [take so much milk]. I underwent an operation for appendicitis five days ago (Sao anh uèng s÷a nhiÒu vËy? - T«i ph¶i uèng nhiÒu nh vËy. T«i mæ ruét thõa c¸ch ®©y n¨m ngµy). - Would you like to join us for dinner? - Yes, I'd love to (join you for dinner) but I must go to school right now (T«i rÊt muèn, nhng t«i ph¶i ®i häc ngay b©y giê). - She wished to become a teacher but she wasn't able to (become a teacher) (C« Êy muèn lµm c« gi¸o, nhng kh«ng thµnh). - I feel lonely and want someone to talk to (T«i c¶m thÊy c« ®¬n vµ muèn cã ai ®ã ®Ó nãi chuyÖn) - They need a cabinet to keep job applications in (Hä cÇn mét c¸i tñ ®Ó ®ùng hå s¬ xin viÖc) - There wasn't a thing to eat (Ch¼ng cã c¸i g× ®Ó ¨n c¶) - The main thing to remember is .... (§iÒu chñ yÕu cÇn nhí lµ...) - To be perfectly frank/ To be honest/ To tell the truth, you are no match for her in tae kwon do (Thùc t×nh mµ nãi, anh kh«ng ph¶i lµ ®èi thñ cña c« ta vÒ Th¸i cùc ®¹o) - Thay v× He intends to go to supermarket and to buy a dishwasher (Anh ta ®Þnh ®i siªu thÞ vµ ®Þnh mua mét m¸y röa b¸t ®Üa), ta viÕt He intends to go to supermarket and buy a dishwasher .
- Do say you'll help them ! (H·y nãi r»ng anh sÏ gióp hä!) - They didn't go to church last week (TuÇn råi, hä kh«ng ®i lÔ) - She daren't answer my question (C« ta kh«ng d¸m tr¶ lêi c©u hái cña t«i) - You musn't interrupt me now (Anh kh«ng ®îc ng¾t lêi t«i lóc nµy) b) Sau c¸c ®éng tõ Feel, See, Hear, Watch, Had better, Would rather, Would sooner, Let, Make, Have. VÝ dô : - I heard him knock at the door (T«i nghe h¾n gâ cöa) - Did you see her cross the road? (Anh cã thÊy c« ta b¨ng qua ®êng hay kh«ng?) - You'd better not tell lies (Anh ®õng nãi dèi th× h¬n) - I'd rather work than sleep all day long (T«i thÝch lµm viÖc h¬n lµ ngñ suèt ngµy) - He would sooner retire on a pension than take part in such scandalous business deals (¤ng ta nªn vÒ nghØ ¨n l¬ng hu h¬n lµ tham gia vµo nh÷ng vô lµm ¨n tai tiÕng nh vËy) - Let me know what you are doing (H·y cho t«i biÕt c¸c anh ®ang lµm g×) - Have your driver meet me at the airport (H·y dÆn tµi xÕ cña anh ®ãn t«i t¹i t¹i phi trêng) - The delicious smell from the kitchen makes my mouth water (Mïi th¬m ngon tõ trong bÕp bay ra lµm t«i thÌm ch¶y níc d·i) §Æc biÖt - The joiner helped me to unlock the bicycle (B¸c thî méc gióp t«i më kho¸ chiÕc xe ®¹p) = The joiner helped me unlock the bicycle. DANH DONG TU H×nh thøc 1/Danh ®éng tõ cã h×nh thøc y hÖt nh HiÖn t¹i ph©n tõ. Ch¼ng h¹n, Whentalking to this old man, you must speak loudly (Khi nãi chuyÖn víi «ng l·o nµy, anh ph¶i nãi to). 2/Danh ®éng tõ hoµn thµnh (Perfect Gerund) lµ danh ®éng tõ chØ hµnh ®éng trong qu¸ khø. Ch¼ng h¹n, "This lieutenant was suspected of having trafficked in drugs" (Viªn trung óy nµy bÞ nghi lµ bu«n ma tóy). 3/Danh ®éng tõ thô ®éng (Passive Gerund) lµ danh ®éng tõ thuéc D¹ng thô ®éng.
- I object tobeing ill-treated in this way (T«i ph¶n ®èi viÖc bÞ ngîc ®·i nh vËy) - They admit having been attacked in broad daylight (Hä thó nhËn lµ ®· bÞ tÊn c«ng gi÷a ban ngµy) C«ng dông 1/§ãng vai trß Danh tõ. VÝ dô : - Thay v× "It is easier to speak Chinese than to write Chinese" (Nãi tiÕng Hoa dÔ h¬n viÕt tiÕng Hoa), ta cã thÓ nãi "Speaking Chinese is easier thanwriting Chinese". - Seeing is believing (ThÊy míi tin). - My father's hobby was reading (Thó tiªu khiÓn cña cha t«i lµ ®äc s¸ch). - I am fond of cooking (T«i thÝch nÊu níng). - She likesswimming (C« ta thÝch b¬i léi). 2/DiÔn t¶ sù cÊm ®o¸n. VÝ dô : - No smoking (CÊm hót thuèc) - No loitering (CÊm l¶ng v¶ng) - No spitting (CÊm kh¹c nhæ) - No parking (CÊm ®ç xe)
1/ Sau giíi tõ. VÝ dô : - What else can you do besidessewing ? (Ngoµi viÖc may v¸, anh cßn lµm ®îc g× n÷a kh«ng?) - She lodges a strong objection to rising so early (C« ta kÞch liÖt ph¶n ®èi viÖc dËy sím nh vËy) - We are afraid of getting our colleagues into trouble (Chóng t«i sî g©y r¾c rèi cho c¸c b¹n ®ång nghiÖp) - This engineer is good at programming in C language (Kü s nµy giái lËp tr×nh b»ng ng«n ng÷ C) - Thank you forhelping me find out the truth (C¸m ¬n anh ®· gióp t«i t×m ra sù thËt) - A sphygmomanometer is an instrument for measuring blood pressure in the arteries (M¸y ®o huyÕt ¸p lµ mét dông cô ®o ¸p suÊt m¸u trong ®éng m¹ch) - I deleted the previous words by pressing the Backspace key (T«i xo¸ nh÷ng tõ liÒn tríc ®ã b»ng c¸ch nhÊn phÝm Backspace) - Before leaving home, they didn't forget to switch on the fire-alarm (Tríc khi ra khái nhµ, hä kh«ng quªn bËt thiÕt bÞ b¸o ch¸y) - On arriving home, they hurried the help into serving lunch (Võa vÒ ®Õn nhµ, hä ®· giôc ngêi gióp viÖc dän c¬m ¨n) - Are you interested in learning foreign languages? (B¹n cã quan t©m ®Õn viÖc häc ngo¹i ng÷ hay kh«ng?) - What about having breakfast right now ? (Ta ¨n s¸ng ngay b©y giê chø?) - Let's go to bed instead of watching TV (Chóng ta h·y ®i ngñ thay v× xem TV) - He stole bread without being caught red-handed (H¾n lÊy trém b¸nh m× mµ kh«ng hÒ bÞ b¾t qu¶ tang)
- When entering the bathroom, he caught a mouse nibbling the bar of soap (Khi bíc vµo buång t¾m, anh ta b¾t gÆp mét chó chuét ®ang rØa côc xµ phßng) - We ate while listening to the radio (Chóng t«i võa ¨n võa nghe ra®i«) 3/Sau c¸c cÊu tróc It needs / requires / wants , It is worth, It's no use . VÝ dô : - This lock needs oiling (à kho¸ nµy cÇn ®îc tra dÇu) - Their tyres require inflating (Lèp xe cña hä cÇn ®îc b¬m phång) - Garden plants want watering every morning (C©y kiÓng cÇn ®îc tíi mçi buæi s¸ng) - This dictionary is worth consulting (Tù ®iÓn nµy ®¸ng ®Ó tham kh¶o) - It's no use crying over spilt milk (Kªu ca còng ch¼ng ®îc g×) 4/Sau Protest at , Care for, Give up, Leave off, Look forward to, Put off, Take to , Be used to, Be accustomed to. VÝ dô : - She protested at sitting for a novice painter (C« ta ph¶n ®èi viÖc ngåi lµm mÉu cho mét ho¹ sÜ míi ra nghÒ) - I don't care forworking as an unpaid servant (T«i ch¼ng muèn lµm ®Çy tí kh«ng c«ng). - Let's try to give up smoking (Chóng ta h·y cè g¾ng bá hót thuèc) - I look forward towinning a scholarship to the university (T«i rÊt mong ®îc cÊp häc bæng vµo ®¹i häc) - They are used tositting up for their drunken father (Hä ®· quen thøc khuya ®îi «ng bè n¸t rîu)
- I can't help laughing at the sight of the well-known comedians on stage (Nh×n thÊy c¸c danh hµi trªn s©n khÊu, t«i kh«ng nhÞn cêi ®îc) - They can't bear being short of money (Hä kh«ng chÞu ®îc c¶nh thiÕu tiÒn) - We can't resist thinking that she is your meal ticket (Chóng t«i kh«ng thÓ kh«ng nghÜ r»ng c« ta nu«i anh) - She can't endure seeing beggars wander about the streets (C« ta kh«ng chÞu næi khi nh×n thÊy nh÷ng ngêi ¨n xin lang thang ngoµi phè)
- They accused me of inciting prisoners against the jailer (Hä kÕt téi t«i lµ xói giôc c¸c tï nh©n chèng l¹i cai ngôc). - Who can dissuade him fromsmoking ? (Ai cã thÓ khuyªn anh ta ®õng hót thuèc?) - The teacher reproaches some schoolgirls forneglecting their studies (ThÇy gi¸o tr¸ch mét vµi n÷ sinh lµ ®· sao l·ng viÖc häc hµnh). - The police rewarded them fordiscovering the smugglers' shelter (C¶nh s¸t ®· thëng c«ng hä t×m ra n¬i Èn n¸u cña bän bu«n lËu). - As everyone in the seminar spoke English, she resigned herself to speaking English (V× mäi ngêi trong cuéc héi th¶o ®Òu nãi tiÕng Anh, c« ta ®µnh nãi tiÕng Anh)
- The treasurer admits having embezzled the pension fund (Ngêi thñ quü thó nhËn lµ ®· biÓn thñ quü l¬ng hu) - The boy imagined straying into the fairyland and talking to a fairy (CËu bÐ tëng tîng m×nh l¹c vµo chèn thÇn tiªn vµ nãi chuyÖn víi mét vÞ tiªn) - He was considering buying a car on hire-purchase (H¾n ®ang c©n nh¾c viÖc mua tr¶ gãp mét chiÕc xe h¬i) - He feels like going to church (Anh ta muèn ®i lÔ) - They practised driving lorries at night (Hä tËp l¸i xe t¶i ban ®ªm) - The old man recollectedtaking medicine after dinner (¤ng l·o nhí lµ ®· uèng thuèc sau b÷a ¨n tèi) - I rememberwriting to them (T«i nhí lµ ®· viÕt th cho hä) - Their dilapidated house risks collapsing in the rainy season (Ng«i nhµ xiªu vÑo cña hä cã nguy c¬ bÞ sËp trong mïa ma) - Stoptalking nonsense ! (§õng nãi bËy n÷a!) - They suggested celebrating Christmas (Hä ®Ò nghÞ ¨n mõng N«-en) - We enjoy reading ghost stories (Chóng t«i thÝch ®äc truyÖn ma) - I proposed congratulating them on their wedding anniversary (T«i ®Þnh chóc mõng hä nh©n kû niÖm ngµy cíi cña hä) 8/So s¸nh hai c©u "She insisted on opening the door " (C« ta kh¨ng kh¨ng ®ßi më cöa) vµ "She insisted on me/my opening the door " (C« ta kh¨ng kh¨ng ®ßi t«i më cöa), ta thÊy c©u 2 kh¸c víi c©u 1 do cã sù hiÖn diÖn cña ®¹i tõ nh©n xng Me hoÆc tÝnh tõ së h÷u My . C¸c ®éng tõ Contemplate , Dislike , Dread , Fancy , Involve , Like (phñ ®Þnh), Mind , Object (to),Remember , Resent , Save , Stop , Tolerate , Understand , Approve (of), Disapprove (of) cã thÓ dïng víi mét trong hai hoÆc c¶ hai cÊu tróc nh vËy. VÝ dô : - They dislikeme/my keeping late hours (Hä kh«ng thÝch t«i thøc khuya) - I didn't likethem/their behaving in this way (T«i kh«ng thÝch h¾n c xö nh vËy) - The job involves him/his travelling backwards and forwards between Hanoi and Paris (C«ng viÖc Êy khiÕn anh ta ph¶i tíi lui xu«i ngîc gi÷a Hµ Néi vµ Pari) - We don't mind them/their knowing our address (Chóng t«i kh«ng ng¹i hä biÕt ®Þa chØ cña chóng t«i) - I remember you/your writing an apologetic letter (T«i nhí lµ anh cã viÕt th xin lçi) - He objects to them/their being behindhand with tuition (¤ng ta ph¶n ®èi viÖc hä ®ãng häc phÝ trÔ) - Fancy his getting up so early ! (Anh ta dËy qu¸ sím, l¹ thËt!) - Did they resent my being late for work ? (Hä cã bùc béi viÖc t«i ®i lµm muén hay kh«ng?) - We didn't contemplate him refusing our invitation (Chóng t«i kh«ng dù tÝnh viÖc «ng ta khíc tõ lêi mêi cña chóng t«i)
- Thay v× Excuse me for making so much noise (Xin lçi v× ®· lµm ån), ta cã thÓ viÕt: Excuse my making so much noise (Xin tha lçi cho viÖc t«i lµm ån). - Thay v× Forgive me for interrupting (Xin lçi v× ®· ng¾t lêi anh), ta cã thÓ viÕt Forgive my interrupting (Xin tha lçi cho viÖc t«i ng¾t lêi anh). - Thay v× Nobody can prevent us from doing good things (Kh«ng ai cã thÓ ng¨n c¶n chóng t«i lµm ®iÒu tèt ), ta cã thÓ viÕt Nobody can prevent our doing good things (Kh«ng ai cã thÓ ng¨n c¶n viÖc chóng t«i lµm ®iÒu tèt ). - We began to go home (Chóng t«i b¾t ®Çu ®i vÒ nhµ) = We began going home . - She continues to stare me into silence (Bµ ta vÉn trõng m¾t buéc t«i im lÆng) = She continues staring me into silence . - He ceased to shout at the top of his voice (H¾n kh«ng g©n cæ lªn mµ hÐt n÷a) = He ceased shouting at the top of his voice . - My father intended to buy a villa in the suburbs (Cha t«i ®Þnh mua mét biÖt thù ë ngo¹i «) = My father intended buying a villa in the suburbs , nhng My father intended me to buy a villa in the suburbs (Cha t«i muèn t«i mua mét biÖt thù ë ngo¹i «). - I don't allow them to drop litter in my study (T«i kh«ng cho phÐp hä vøt r¸c trong phßng lµm viÖc cña t«i), nhng I don't allow dropping litter in my study (T«i kh«ng cho phÐp vøt r¸c trong phßng lµm viÖc cña t«i). - This book advises us to be neighbourly (QuyÓn s¸ch nµy khuyªn ta nªn sèng hoµ thuËn víi nhau), nhng This book advises being neighbourly (QuyÓn s¸ch nµy khuyªn nªn sèng hoµ thuËn víi nhau). - Remember to clean out the drawing-room (Nhí dän dÑp phßng kh¸ch nhÐ!), nhngI remember cleaning out the drawing-room (T«i nhí lµ ®· dän dÑp phßng kh¸ch). - He often forgets to close the doors before bedtime (¤ng ta thêng quªn ®ãng cöa tríc khi ®i ngñ), nhng He will never forget contracting lung cancer (¤ng ta sÏ kh«ng bao giê quªn lµ m×nh m¾c bÖnh ung th phæi). - We regret to tell the whole truth about him (Chóng t«i lÊy lµm tiÕc mµ nãi hÕt sù thËt vÒ h¾n), nhng We regret telling the whole truth about him (Chóng t«i hèi tiÕc lµ ®· nãi hÕt sù thËt vÒ h¾n). - She stopped to ask the way to the hospital (C« ta dõng l¹i ®Ó hái ®êng ®Õn bÖnh viÖn), nhng She stopped asking the way to the hospital (C« ta kh«ng hái ®êng ®Õn bÖnh viÖn n÷a). - He tried to drive faster (Anh ta cè g¾ng l¸i xe nhanh h¬n), nhng He tried driving faster to know the power of his car (Anh ta thö l¸i xe nhanh h¬n ®Ó biÕt c«ng suÊt cña xe).
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