Mao tu bat dinh 1/ a ®øng tr­íc mét phô m hoÆc mét nguyªn m(o,y,e,u,a) cã m lµ phô m. VÝ dô: a

- " What is the weather like?", she said to me (C« ta b¶o t«i : "Thêi tiÕt thÕ nµo?") ---> She asked

- " What shall I do first, mother?", he said (H¾n nãi : "MÑ ¬i, con sÏ lµm g× tr­íc tiªn?") ---> He asked his mother what he should do first (H¾n hái mÑ h¾n xem sÏ lµm g× tr­íc tiªn).

- " When will they help me?", she said (C« ta nãi : "Khi nµo hä sÏ gióp t«i?") ---> She inquired

when they would help her (C« ta hái khi nµo hä sÏ gióp c« ta).

• 
  NÕu c©u hái trùc tiÕp kh«ng b¾t ®Çu b»ng Who , What , How , When , Where hoÆcWhy , c©u hái gi¸n tiÕp sÏ b¾t ®Çu b»ng If hoÆc Whether .
  

- " Are you Hoa?", I said to her (T«i b¶o c« ta : "C« lµ Hoa ph¶i kh«ng?") ---> I asked her if she was Hoa (T«i hái c« ta xem c« ta cã ph¶i lµ Hoa hay kh«ng).

- "Can you speak French?", she said to me (C« ta b¶o t«i : "Anh nãi ®­îc tiÕng Ph¸p hay kh«ng?") ---> She asked me if / whether I could speak French (C« ta hái t«i nãi ®­îc tiÕng Ph¸p hay kh«ng).

- "Did anybody see me?", he said to me (H¾n b¶o t«i : "Cã ai nh×n thÊy t«i hay kh«ng?") ---> He asked me if / whether anybody had seen him (H¾n hái t«i cã ai nh×n thÊy h¾n hay kh«ng).

- "Mary, are there many people in this room?", they said (Hä b¶o : "Mary, cã nhiÒu ng­êi trong phßng nµy hay kh«ng?") ---> They asked Mary if / whether there were many people in that room (Hä hái Mary xem cã nhiÒu ng­êi trong phßng ®ã hay kh«ng).
§Æc biÖt

T­¬ng tù, ta còng ®æi ®­îc c©u c¶m th¸n trùc tiÕp thµnh c©u c¶m th¸n gi¸n tiÕp.

- "How well she sings!", they said (Hä nãi : "C« ta h¸t hay qu¸ ! ") ---> They exclaimed that she sang very well (Hä thèt lªn r»ng c« ta h¸t hay qu¸).

- "What a picturesque garden! ", she said (C« ta nãi : "Khu v­ên thËt th¬ méng! ") ---> She exclaimed that it was a picturesque garden (C« ta thèt lªn r»ng ®óng lµ mét khu v­ên th¬ méng).
ChuyÓn tõ c©u mÖnh lÖnh trùc tiÕp sangc©u mÖnh lÖnh gi¸n tiÕp

• 
  §éng tõ t­êng thuËt th­êng dïng lµ Tell (b¶o) , Ask (yªu cÇu) , Advise (khuyªn), Warn (c¨n dÆn), Order (Ra lÖnh), Remind (Nh¾c) ...
  

- "Open the door! ", he said to the doorkeeper (¤ng ta b¶o ng­êi g¸c cöa : "Më cöa ra !") ---> He told / ordered the doorkeeper to open the door (¤ng ta b¶o/ra lÖnh cho ng­êi g¸c cöa më cöa ra).

- "Don't make any spelling mistake!", they said to the examinees (Hä b¶o c¸c thÝ sinh : "§õng viÕt sai chÝnh t¶! ") ---> They asked / advised the examinees not to make any spelling mistake (Hä yªu cÇu/khuyªn c¸c thÝ sinh ®õng viÕt sai chÝnh t¶).

- "Don't forget to feed the dogs! ", Ann said to the servant (Ann b¶o ng­êi gióp viÖc : "§õng quªn cho chã ¨n nhÐ!") ---> Ann reminded the servant to feed the dogs (Ann nh¾c ng­êi gióp viÖc cho chã ¨n).

- "Lan, drive carefully! ", I said (T«i nãi : "Lan, h·y l¸i xe cÈn thËn!") ---> I told / warned Lan to drive carefully (T«i b¶o/c¨n dÆn Lan l¸i xe cÈn thËn).

LIEN TU

• 
  Lµ mét lo¹i tõ kh«ng biÕn ®æi, Liªn tõ cã c«ng dông :
  

b) Nèi hai mÖnh ®Ò cïng mét chøc n¨ng trong mét c©u, hoÆc hai c©u riªng biÖt nhau

c) Nèi mÖnh ®Ò phô (Subordinate Clause) víi mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh (Main Clause) trong mét c©u

• 
  Liªn tõ trong tr­êng hîp a vµ b lµ Liªn tõ kÕt hîp (Co-ordinating Conjunction), ch¼ng h¹n nh­ And , Or , But , Yet , Still , However , Therefore , Nevertheless , Neither ... nor , Not only... but also , Both ... and , So , Otherwise ... Liªn tõ trong tr­êng hîpc lµ Liªn tõ phô thuéc (Subordinating Conjunction), ch¼ng h¹n nh­ That , Because , For , So that , If , When , After , Unless , Provided that , Though ...
  

1) I live with my brothers and sisters

(T«i sèng víi anh t«i vµ chÞ t«i)

2) She came in and sat down

(C« ta ®i vµo vµ ngåi xuèng)

3) This restaurant serves cheap but excellent food

(Nhµ hµng nµy phôc vô thøc ¨n rÎ nh­ng ngon tuyÖt)

4) My father likes traditional music, but my mother doesn't

(Cha t«i thÝch ©m nh¹c cæ truyÒn, nh­ng mÑ t«i th× kh«ng)

5) Is the baby a boy or a girl?

(§øa bÐ lµ trai hay g¸i?)

6) You can walk up or take a bus

(B¹n cã thÓ ®i bé hoÆc ®i xe bóyt)

7) We have neither time nor money for concerts

(T«i ch¼ng cã thêi giê mµ còng ch¼ng cã tiÒn ®Ó ®i nghe nh¹c)

8) Not only men but also women appear in that casino

(Kh«ng nh÷ng ®µn «ng mµ c¶ ®µn bµ còng xuÊt hiÖn trong sßng b¹c Êy)

9) Both his brother and sister are unmarried

(C¶ anh lÉn chÞ nã ®Òu cßn ®éc th©n)

10) He worked hard, yet he failed in his finals

(Nã häc hµnh ch¨m chØ, vËy mµ nã vÉn tr­ît kú thi tèt nghiÖp)

11) They've behaved badly towards you; still, they are your intimate friends and you should help them

(Hä ®èi xö tÖ víi anh; tuy nhiªn, hä vÉn lµ b¹n th©n cña anh vµ anh nªn gióp hä)

12) I shall invite Hoa to dinner. However, she may not accept my invitation

(T«i sÏ mêi Hoa ®i ¨n tèi. Tuy nhiªn, cã thÓ c« ta kh«ng nhËn lêi mêi cña t«i)

13) There was no letter of introduction; nevertheless we came there

(Ch¼ng cã giÊy giíi thiÖu g× c¶, song chóng t«i vÉn ®Õn ®ã)

14) They always get up late, so we cannot wait for them

(Hä lu«n dËy muén, nªn chóng t«i kh«ng thÓ ®îi hä)

15) Put on your raincoat; otherwise you'll catch cold

(H·y mÆc ¸o m­a vµo; nÕu kh«ng, b¹n sÏ bÞ c¶m l¹nh)
VD VE MENH DE PHU

1) Everyone thinks that it is going to rain

(Mäi ng­êi ®Òu nghÜ r»ng trêi s¾p m­a)

2) They didn't acknowledge that they had been defeated by the revolutionary army

(Hä ch¼ng thõa nhËn r»ng hä ®· bÞ qu©n ®éi c¸ch m¹ng ®¸nh b¹i)
L­u ý Cã thÓ bá That nÕu That nghÜa lµ R»ng .
3) I watched her as she was making herself up

(T«i ng¾m c« ta khi c« ta ®ang trang trang ®iÓm)

4) As he grew older, he took more interest in reading

(Khi «ng ta cµng giµ, «ng ta cµng mª ®äc s¸ch)

5) It's ages since I left this quiet town

(§· qua bao n¨m th¸ng tõ khi t«i gi· tõ thÞ trÊn yªn tÜnh nµy)

6) I have been lovesick since I saw her again

(T«i m¾c chøng t­¬ng t­ tõ khi gÆp l¹i c« ta)

7) Don't forget to turn off the lights before you leave home

(§õng quªn t¾t ®Ìn tr­íc khi ra khái nhµ)

8) We arrived when it was raining

(Chóng t«i ®Õn khi trêi ®ang m­a)

9) He fell asleep while his parents were saying their prayers

(Nã ngñ gËt trong lóc bè mÑ nã ®ang cÇu kinh )

10) I shall go with you as soon as I have finished my homework

(T«i sÏ ®i víi anh ngay khi t«i lµm xong bµi tËp ë nhµ)

11) Let's wait till the rain stops

(Chóng ta h·y ®îi ®Õn khi m­a t¹nh)

12) He had no sooner drunk wine than he began to vomit

(H¾n võa uèng r­îu vµo lµ n«n möa ngay)

13) As you are strong in French, you'd better translate this document

(V× anh giái tiÕng Ph¸p, anh nªn dÞch tµi liÖu nµy)

14) As it rains cats and dogs, we resign ourselves to staying at home

(Do trêi m­a nh­ trót n­íc, chóng t«i ®µnh ph¶i ë nhµ)

15) Since his child has a high fever, he cannot go to work

(V× con anh ta bÞ sèt cao, anh ta kh«ng ®i lµm ®­îc)

16) Since this phrase has more than eight characters, we cannot use it as a password

(Do côm tõ nµy dµi qu¸ t¸m ký tù, ta kh«ng thÓ dïng nã lµm mËt khÈu)

17) They have nothing to eat, for their parents have been out of work

(Chóng ch¼ng cã g× ®Ó ¨n, v× bè mÑ chóng ®· thÊt nghiÖp)

18) Because the water had risen, the troops couldn't cross the river

(Do n­íc s«ng ®· d©ng cao, binh lÝnh kh«ng v­ît s«ng ®­îc)

19) The old mendicant went away because nobody gave him money

(L·o hµnh khÊt bá ®i v× ch¼ng ai cho tiÒn)

20) Why did you do it? - I did it just because I flew into a temper

(T¹i sao anh lµm ®iÒu ®ã? - T«i lµm ®iÒu ®ã chØ v× qu¸ giËn d÷)

21) He stole not because he wanted money, but because he liked stealing

(H¾n ¨n c¾p kh«ng ph¶i v× cÇn tiÒn, mµ v× h¾n thÝch ¨n c¾p)

• 
  Liªn tõ As vµ Since th­êng ®øng ë ®Çu c©u ®Ó chØ nguyªn nh©n.
  
• 
  Liªn tõ For kh«ng ®øng ë ®Çu c©u. Because thay cho For khi tr¶ lêi c©u hái vµ khi theo sau Not, But hoÆc Just ...
  

(Lµm ¬n ®­a c¸i ®ã l¹i gÇn ®Ó t«i thÊy râ h¬n)

23) Light the lamp that he read the letter

(H·y th¾p ®Ìn lªn ®Ó «ng Êy ®äc bøc th­)

24) The workers got up early in order that their boss wouldn't tell them off

(C¸c c«ng nh©n dËy sím ®Ó «ng chñ khái m¾ng hä)

25) The contract is written in English and Chinese so that foreign partners can understand it

(B¶n hîp ®ång viÕt b»ng tiÕng Anh vµ tiÕng Hoa ®Ó c¸c ®èi t¸c n­íc ngoµi cã thÓ hiÓu ®­îc)

26) I speak slowly so that you would understand me through and through

(T«i nãi chËm ®Ó anh hiÓu hÕt ý t«i)

27) I have kept some cans of grapefruit juice in the fridge in case we get thirsty

(T«i ®· tr÷ s½n vµi lon n­íc nho trong tñ l¹nh ®Ó phßng khi kh¸t)

28) He ran away lest someone should recognize him

(H¾n ch¹y biÕn ®i v× sî r»ng cã ng­êi nhËn ra h¾n)

29) You delivered such a lengthy speech that nobody was patient enough to listen to you

(Anh ®äc mét bµi diÔn v¨n dµi dßng ®Õn nçi kh«ng ai ®ñ kiªn nhÉn l¾ng nghe anh)

30) How could he be so stupid as to believe his boastful friends?

(Sao nã l¹i ngèc ®Õn nçi tin vµo nh÷ng ®øa b¹n kho¸c l¸c?)

31) This man ate so many cakes that he suffered from indigestion

(Ng­êi ®µn «ng nµy ¨n nhiÒu b¸nh ®Õn nçi bÞ ®Çy bông)

32) He drank so much beer that he couldn't find his way home

(¤ng ta uèng nhiÒu bia ®Õn nçi kh«ng biÕt ®­êng vÒ nhµ)

33) So many people protested that the hypocrite had to shut up

(Cã nhiÒu ng­êi ph¶n ®èi ®Õn nçi kÎ gi¶ nh©n gi¶ nghÜa ph¶i c©m måm)

34) He showed so much concern about politics that people took him to be a future leader

(H¾n quan t©m ®Õn chÝnh trÞ ®Õn nçi ng­êi ta t­ëng h¾n lµ mét l·nh tô t­¬ng lai)

35) His speech was so lengthy that nobody was patient enough to listen to him

(Bµi diÔn v¨n cña anh ta dµi dßng ®Õn nçi kh«ng ai ®ñ kiªn nhÉn l¾ng nghe anh ta)

36) The thief ran so fast that nobody could catch him

(Tªn trém ch¹y nhanh ®Õn nçi kh«ng ai tãm ®­îc h¾n)

37) Elderly as they are, they exercise twice a day

(Tuy ®· lín tuæi, hä vÉn tËp thÓ dôc hai lÇn mçi ngµy)

38) Impertinent as he is, he always holds his parents in high regard

(Dï xÊc l¸o ®Õn ®©u, h¾n vÉn lu«n kÝnh träng bè mÑ h¾n)

39) However talented you are, you remain fallible

(Dï tµi giái ®Õn ®©u, anh vÉn cã thÓ ph¹m sai lÇm)

40) I cannot help blaming her though she is my only daughter

(T«i kh«ng thÓ kh«ng tr¸ch nã dï nã lµ con g¸i duy nhÊt cña t«i)

41) Although my uncle was only an amateur photographer, he won first prize

(Dï chØ lµ nhµ nhiÕp ¶nh nghiÖp d­, chó t«i vÉn ®¹t gi¶i nhÊt)

42) I like them even though they may be my future opponents

(T«i vÉn thÝch hä dï cã thÓ hä sÏ lµ ®èi thñ cña t«i trong t­¬ng lai)

43) She refused to switch off the radio even if her husband was flying into a temper

(Bµ ta vÉn ch­a chÞu t¾t m¸y thu thanh dï chång bµ ta ®ang næi c¬n thÞnh né)

44) Why didn't you tighten the screw as I told you to?

(T¹i sao anh kh«ng siÕt chÆt ®inh èc nh­ t«i ®· b¶o anh?)

45) Leave the fingerprints as they are (H·y ®Ó nguyªn c¸c dÊu v©n tay)

46) It's just as I thought (§iÒu ®ã ®óng nh­ t«i nghÜ)

47) The hyprocrite behaves as if nobody equalled him in virtue

(KÎ ®¹o ®øc gi¶ c­ xö nh­ thÓ kh«ng ai s¸nh næi víi h¾n vÒ ®øc h¹nh)

48) Lynn suddenly went pale as if she were about to faint

(Lynn bçng t¸i nhît nh­ thÓ s¾p xØu)

49) They talk as though they knew each other for ages

(Hä chuyÖn trß nh­ thÓ biÕt nhau l©u l¾m råi)

50) If I pass my exams, my parents will be very happy

(NÕu t«i thi ®ç, bè mÑ t«i sÏ rÊt sung s­íng)

51) You will get a good seat, provided you come first

(Anh sÏ kiÕm ®­îc chç ngåi ®µng hoµng, miÔn lµ anh ®Õn tr­íc tiªn)

52) Supposing it rains, can we come back safe and sound?

(Gi¶ sö trêi m­a, chóng ta cã thÓ trë vÒ b×nh an v« sù hay kh«ng?)

53) You'll fail in mathematics unless you attend tutorial classes

(B¹n sÏ tr­ît m«n to¸n, trõ phi b¹n cã häc phô ®¹o)

SO DEM

1 ---> One (mét)

3 ---> Three (ba)

4 ---> Four (bèn)

5 ---> Five (n¨m)

6 ---> Six (s¸u)

7 ---> Seven (b¶y)

8 ---> Eight (t¸m)

9 ---> Nine (chÝn)

10 --> Ten (m­êi)

11 --> Eleven (m­êi mét)

12 --> Twelve (m­êi hai)

13 --> Thirteen (m­êi ba)

14 --> Fourteen (m­êi bèn)

15 --> Fifteen (m­êi l¨m)

16 --> Sixteen (m­êi s¸u)

17 --> Seventeen (m­êi b¶y)

18 --> Eighteen (m­êi t¸m)

19 --> Nineteen (m­êi chÝn)

20 --> Twenty (hai m­¬i)

21 --> Twenty-one (hai m­¬i mèt)

22 --> Twenty-two (hai m­¬i hai)

23 --> Twenty-three (hai m­¬i ba)

24 --> Twenty-four (hai m­¬i bèn)

25 --> Twenty-five (hai m­¬i l¨m)

26 --> Twenty-six (hai m­¬i s¸u)

27 --> Twenty-seven (hai m­¬i b¶y)

28 --> Twenty-eight (hai m­¬i t¸m)

29 --> Twenty-nine (hai m­¬i chÝn)

30 --> Thirty (ba m­¬i)

31 --> Thirty-one (ba m­¬i mèt)

40 --> Forty (bèn m­¬i)

50 --> Fifty (n¨m m­¬i)

60 --> Sixty (s¸u m­¬i)

70 --> Seventy (b¶y m­¬i)

80 --> Eighty (t¸m m­¬i)

90 --> Ninety (chÝn m­¬i)

100 ---> A hundred (mét tr¨m)

1000 ---> A thousand (mét ngh×n)

1,000,000 ---> A million (mét triÖu)

400 ---> Four hundred (bèn tr¨m)

140 ---> A hundred and forty (mét tr¨m bèn m­¬i)

525 ---> Five hundred and twenty-five (n¨m tr¨m hai m­¬i l¨m)

1,101 ---> One thousand, one hundred and one (mét ngh×n mét tr¨m lÎ mét)

3,200 ---> Three thousand, two hundred (ba ngh×n hai tr¨m)

7,000 ---> Seven thousand (b¶y ngh×n)

450,259 ---> Four hundred and fifty thousand, two hundred and fifty-nine (bèn tr¨m n¨m m­¬i ngh×n hai tr¨m n¨m m­¬i chÝn)

809,000,000 ---> Eight hundred and nine million (t¸m tr¨m lÎ chÝn triÖu)
L­u ý

- Five hundred men (n¨m tr¨m ng­êi), nh­ng Hundreds of people (hµng tr¨m ng­êi)

- Eight thousand pounds (t¸m ngh×n b¶ng), nh­ng Thousands of pounds (hµng ngh×n b¶ng)

- Four dozen eggs (bèn t¸ trøng), nh­ng Dozens of times (hµng chôc lÇn)

- 6.6 ®äc lµ "Six point six" (s¸u phÈy s¸u)

- 14.65 ®äc lµ "Fourteen point six five" (m­êi bèn phÈy s¸u m­¬i l¨m)

- 0.5 ®äc lµ "Nought point five" (kh«ng phÈy n¨m)

- 9.09 ®äc lµ "Nine point nought nine" (chÝn phÈy kh«ng chÝn)

SO THU TU

First (thø nhÊt)

Second (thø hai)

Third (thø ba)

Fourth (thø t­)

Fifth (thø n¨m)

Sixth (thø s¸u)

Seventh (thø b¶y)

Eighth (thø t¸m)

Ninth (thø chÝn)

Tenth (thø m­êi)

Eleventh (thø m­êi mét)

Twelfth (thø m­êi hai)

Thirteenth (thø m­êi ba)

Fourteenth (thø m­êi bèn)

Fifteenth (thø m­êi l¨m)

Sixteenth (thø m­êi s¸u)

Seventeenth (thø m­êi b¶y)

Eighteenth (thø m­êi t¸m)

Nineteenth (thø m­êi chÝn)

Twentieth (thø hai m­¬i)

Twenty-first ( thø hai m­¬i mèt)

Twenty-second (thø hai m­¬i hai)

Twenty-third (thø hai m­¬i ba)

Twenty-fourth (thø hai m­¬i bèn)

Twenty-fifth (thø hai m­¬i l¨m)

Twenty-sixth (thø hai m­¬i s¸u)

Twenty-seventh (thø hai m­¬i b¶y)

Twenty-eighth (thø hai m­¬i t¸m)

Twenty-ninth (thø hai m­¬i chÝn)

Thirtieth (thø ba m­¬i)

Thirty-first (thø ba m­¬i mèt)

Fortieth (thø bèn m­¬i)

Fiftieth (thø n¨m m­¬i)

Sixtieth (thø s¸u m­¬i)

Seventieth (thø b¶y m­¬i)

Eightieth (thø t¸m m­¬i)

Ninetieth (thø chÝn m­¬i)

Hundredth (thø mét tr¨m)

Thousandth (thø mét ngh×n)

Millionth (thø mét triÖu)

L­u ý

- 1/5 ®äc lµ A /one fifth & 3/5 ®äc lµ Three fifths &

- 1/8 ®äc lµ A /one eighth & 5/10 ®äc lµ Five tenths .

- 4 1/4 kilos ®äc lµ Two and a quarter kilos .

- 1/2 gi©y ®äc lµ Half a second , nh­ng 1/4 gi©y ®äc lµ A quarter of a second .

- First = 1st & Second = 2 nd & Third = 3 rd & Fourth = 4 th. Ch¼ng h¹n, Forty-first viÕt lµ 41st & Seventy-second viÕt lµ 72 nd & Ninety-third viÕt lµ 93 rd.

- Tr­íc sè thø tù th­êng cã The. Ch¼ng h¹n, The hundredth anniversary of the poet's death (lÔ kû niÖm lÇn thø mét tr¨m ngµy mÊt cña thi sÜ), The first three weeks (ba tuÇn ®Çu tiªn), The fifty-seventh passenger (hµnh kh¸ch thø 57)
NGAY THANG

B¶y ngµy trong tuÇn
Sunday (Sun.) (Chñ NhËt)

Monday (Mon.) (Thø Hai)

Tuesday (Tues.) (Thø Ba)

Wednesday (Wed.) (Thø T­)

Thursday (Thurs.) (Thø N¨m)

Friday (Fri.) (Thø S¸u)

Saturday (Sat.) (Thø B¶y)
M­êi hai th¸ng trong n¨m
January (Jan.) (Th¸ng Giªng)

February (Feb.) (Th¸ng Hai)

March (Mar.) (Th¸ng Ba)

April (Apr.) (Th¸ng T­)

May (Th¸ng N¨m)

June (Th¸ng S¸u)

July (Th¸ng B¶y)

August (Aug.) (Th¸ng T¸m)

September (Sept.) (Th¸ng ChÝn)

October (Oct.) (Th¸ng M­êi)

November (Nov.) (Th¸ng M­êi Mét)

December (Dec.) (Th¸ng M­êi Hai)

• 
  Ngµy ®­îc viÕt b»ng nhiÒu c¸ch. Ch¼ng h¹n, ngµy 16/10 ®äc lµ The sixteenth of October & October the sixteenth vµ viÕt lµOctober 16 & 16 October & 16th of October &October 16th & 16th October & October the 16th .
  
• 
  N¨m 1998 ®äc lµ Nineteen hundred and ninety-eight hoÆc Nineteen ninety-eight .
  
• 
  BC (Before Christ) nghÜa lµ tr­íc C«ng nguyªn , cßn AD (Anno Domini) nghÜa lµ sau C«ng nguyªn .
  

QUI TAC CHINH TA

a) §èi víi tõ ®¬n ©m tiÕt cã cÊu tróc tèi ®a ba phô ©m + mét nguyªn ©m + mét phô ©m, ta gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi khi ghÐp thªm mét hËu tè b¾t ®Çu b»ng nguyªn ©m.

Step + ing = Stepping

Split + ing = Splitting

Run + er = Runner

Gun + er = Gunner

Shop + ing = Shopping

Bow + ed = Bowed

Bay + ing = Baying

Box + ing = Boxing

Admit + ed = Admitted

Begin + er = Beginner

Recur + ing = Recurring

Refer + ed = Referred

Occur +ed = Occurred

Handicap + ed = Handicapped

Worship + ed = Worshipped

Nh­ng

Murmur --->Murmuring , Murmured

Utter ---> Uttered , Uttering

Answer + ing = Answered , Answering

Limit ---> Limited, Limiting

Budget ---> Budgeting

Focus + ed ---> Focussed hoÆc Focused

Bias + ed ---> Biassed hoÆc Biased
c) §èi víi tõ tËn cïng b»ng mét nguyªn ©m (hoÆc hai nguyªn ©m ®äc rêi nhau) + l, ta còng gÊp ®«i l.

VÝ dô:

Appal + ed = Appalled

Cruel + ly = Cruelly

Fuel + ing = Fuelling

Signal + er = Signaller

§«i khi ng­êi Mü viÕt Modeler , Labeling , Traveler , Funneling , Signaler , Duelist , Fueling ... Tuy nhiªn, hä vÉn gÊp ®«i l khi träng ©m r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt cuèi, ch¼ng h¹n nh­ Repel + ed = Repelled , Rebel + ing = Rebelling .

Use +able = Usable

Move + able = Movable

Remove + er = Remover

Love + er = Lover

Strike + er = Striker

Thrive +ing = Thriving

Nh­ng

Singe + ing = Singeing

Age + ing = Ageing hoÆc Aging

b) E kh«ng mÊt ®i khi hËu tè b¾t ®Çu b»ng mét phô ©m.

Manage + ment = Management

Infringe + ment = Infringement

Deliberate + ly = Deliberately

Polite + ly = Politely

Spite + ful = Spiteful

Peace + ful = Peaceful

Forgive + ness = Forgiveness

Nh­ng

Probable + ly = Probably

Argue + ment = Argument

Due + ly = Duly

True + ly = Truly

Whole + ly = Wholly

Judge + ment = Judgement hoÆc Judgment

c) §èi víi tõ tËn cïng b»ng ee, ta còng kh«ng bá ee khi thªm hËu tè.

VÝ dô:

Disagree ---> Disagreed , Disagreeing , Disagreement , Disagreeable

Free ---> Freed , Freeing , Freedom , Freeman
d) §èi víi tõ tËn cïng b»ng ge, ta còng kh«ng bá e khi thªm hËu tè ous.

VÝ dô:

Courage + ous = Courageous

Outrage + ous = Outrageous

e) §èi víi tõ tËn cïng b»ng ge hoÆc ce, ta còng kh«ng bá e khi thªm hËu tè able.

Enforce + able = Enforceable

Service + able = Serviceable

Knowledge + able = Knowledgeable

Manage + able = Manageable