Mao tu bat dinh 1/ a ®øng tríc mét phô m hoÆc mét nguyªn m(o,y,e,u,a) cã m lµ phô m. VÝ dô: a
§«i khi ngêi ta vÉn dïng ®éng tõ
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| §«i khi ngêi ta vÉn dïng ®éng tõ Want vµ Wish ë HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh liªn tiÕn. Ch¼ng h¹n, Thank you very much for the gardening guide. I have been wanting it for ages (RÊt c¸m ¬n anh vÒ quyÓn s¸ch híng dÉn lµm vên. T«i cÇn quyÓn Êy l©u l¾m råi)
THI QUA KHU DON GIAN H×nh thøc
VÝ dô : To play ---> I played, You played, He played, They played... To connect --> I connected, You connected, He connected... To raise --> I raised, You raised, He raised, They raised... To guide --> I guided, You guided, They guided... §èi víi ®éng tõ bÊt quy t¾c, xin xem Phô Lôc.
VÝ dô : To work --> I worked, You worked, He worked, We worked, They worked To sleep --> I slept, You slept, He slept, We slept, They slept
VÝ dô : - I did not/didn't work, He did not/didn't work, They did not/didn't work - I did not/didn't sleep, He did not/didn't sleep, They did not/didn't sleep
VÝ dô : - Did I work? Did you work? Did he work? Did we work? Did they work? - Did I sleep? Did you sleep? Did he sleep? Did we sleep? Did they sleep?
VÝ dô : - Did you not/Didn't you work? Did he not/Didn't he work? Did they not/didn't they work?... - Did you not/Didn't you sleep? Did he not/Didn't he sleep? Did they not/didn't they sleep?...
VÝ dô: - I had an argument with them yesterday morning (S¸ng h«m qua, t«i c·i nhau víi hä) - Her father died twelve years ago (Bè c« ta mÊt c¸ch ®©y 12 n¨m) - United Nations Organization was founded in October 1945 (Tæ chøc Liªn hiÖp quèc ®îc thµnh lËp th¸ng 10/1945) - She adhered to Communist Party of Vietnam in 1964 (Bµ ta gia nhËp §¶ng céng s¶n ViÖt Nam n¨m 1964)
VÝ dô : - King Quang Trung was a military genius, a visionary diplomat, a preeminent leader (Vua Quang Trung lµ mét thiªn tµi qu©n sù, mét nhµ ngo¹i giao biÕt nh×n xa tr«ng réng, mét l·nh tô kiÖt xuÊt) - Our teacher always advised us to be studious and dutiful to our parents (ThÇy chóng t«i lu«n khuyªn chóng t«i ch¨m chØ häc hµnh vµ hiÕu th¶o víi cha mÑ) (Nay thÇy ®· qua ®êi ch¼ng h¹n") - They lived there for two years and had to disguise themselves as stevedores to evade capture by the Gestapo (Hä sèng ë ®ã hai n¨m vµ ph¶i c¶i trang lµm phu bèc v¸c ®Ó tr¸nh sù lïng b¾t cña Gestapo) - I once saw a drunk drive recklessly at top speed in the rush-hour traffic. As a result, his car skidded, rushed onto the pavement, ran over two pedestrians and killed them (Cã lÇn t«i thÊy mét g· say rîu liÒu lÜnh phãng xe hÕt tèc lùc gi÷a dßng xe cé ngîc xu«i trong giê cao ®iÓm. KÕt qu¶ lµ xe h¾n trît b¸nh, lao lªn vØa hÌ vµ c¸n chÕt hai ngêi ®i bé)
VÝ dô : - If you were expert in English and French, you would easily find a job as a translator in my company (NÕu anh th«ng th¹o tiÕng Anh vµ tiÕng Ph¸p, anh sÏ dÔ kiÕm ®îc mét ch©n phiªn dÞch trong c«ng ty t«i) - If someone volunteered to lend me money, I would try my best to become a billionaire (NÕu ai t×nh nguyÖn cho t«i mîn tiÒn, t«i sÏ lµm hÕt søc m×nh ®Ó trë thµnh tØ phó)
I was working I was not working Was I working? You were working You were notworking Were you working? He/she/it was working He/she/it was not working Was he/she/it working? We were working We were not working Were we working? You were working You were not working Were you working? They were working They were not working Were they working?
Lu ý - Like, Dislike, Detest, Fear, Respect, Loathe, Hate, Love, Believe , Trust , Want , Wish , Desire , Know , Perceive, Notice , Understand , Forget , Remember , Recollect , Consist , Contain , Concern , Belong , Possess , Own , Owe , Concern , Matter , Appear (cã vÎ), Look (cã vÎ), Seem (dêng nh), Smell (cã mïi), Taste (cã vÞ), Sound (cã vÎ), Mean (cã nghÜa lµ), Signify (cã nghÜa lµ),See (hiÓu), Realize (hiÓu), Recognize (nhËn thøc), Hold (chøa ®ùng), Keep (tiÕp tôc), Admire (kh©m phôc)... lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ kh«ng dïng ë Qu¸ khø liªn tiÕn. C«ng dông
VÝ dô : - It was getting colder (Trêi ®ang l¹nh dÇn) - The river was rising (Níc s«ng ®ang tõ tõ d©ng lªn)
VÝ dô : - What were you doing at six o'clock yesterday morning? (Lóc 6 giê s¸ng h«m qua, anh ®ang lµm g×?) - At that moment, I was sleeping (Lóc Êy, t«i ®ang ngñ) - What was she doing when you arrived? (C« ta ®ang lµm g× khi anh ®Õn?) - When I arrived, she was boiling eggs (Khi t«i ®Õn, c« ta ®ang luéc trøng) - They burst out laughing while their father was speaking to me (Hä cêi ph¸ lªn trong lóc cha hä ®ang nãi chuyÖn víi t«i)
VÝ dô : - The girl was cooking in the kitchen. Her father was reading while her younger brother was revising for the end-of-term test. Suddenly, there were shots and screams in the distance (C« g¸i ®ang nÊu ¨n trong bÕp. Cha c« ®ang ®äc s¸ch, trong khi em trai c« ®ang «n tËp thi cuèi häc kú. Bçng cã nhiÒu tiÕng sóng vµ tiÕng thÐt tõ xa väng l¹i).
VÝ dô : - He said, "I am writing to my siblings" (¤ng ta nãi : "T«i ®ang viÕt th cho anh chÞ em ruét cña t«i) --> He said that he was writing to his siblings" (¤ng ta nãi r»ng «ng ta ®ang viÕt th cho anh chÞ em ruét cña m×nh). - She said, "I am combing my hair" (C« ta nãi : "T«i ®ang ch¶i tãc") ---> She said that she
VÝ dô : - I was always working full-time (T«i lu«n lu«n lµm viÖc trän ngµy) - He was always asking questions (Nã cø hái hoµi)
C«ng dông
VÝ dô : - I met them after they had divorced each other (T«i gÆp hä sau khi hä ly dÞ nhau) - Lan said she had been chosen as a beauty queen two years before (Lan nãi r»ng tríc ®ã hai n¨m, c« ta tõng ®îc chän lµm hoa hËu) - I was anxious about these children's plight, because their mother had been consumptive for three months (T«i ¸i ng¹i cho hoµn c¶nh ®¸ng th¬ng cña nh÷ng ®øa trÎ nµy, v× mÑ chóng m¾c bÖnh lao phæi ®· ba th¸ng råi) - An idea occured to him that she herself had helped him very much in the everyday life (H¾n chît nghÜ ra r»ng chÝnh c« ta ®· gióp h¾n rÊt nhiÒu trong cuéc sèng hµng ngµy) - She wondered why you had referred to her unhappy childhood (C« ta kh«ng hiÓu t¹i sao anh l¹i nh¾c ®Õn thêi th¬ Êu bÊt h¹nh cña c« ta) - When I entered the dining-room, she had just finished washing the dishes (Khi t«i bíc vµo phßng ¨n, c« ta võa míi röa b¸t ®Üa xong) - When the police reached the scene of the crime, the murderer had just killed himself with his own high-powered rifle (Khi c¶nh s¸t ®Õn hiÖn trêng, hung thñ võa míi tù s¸t b»ng khÈu sóng trêng cùc m¹nh cña chÝnh h¾n) - No sooner had he returned from a long journey than he was ordered to pack his bags (Anh ta míi ®i xa vÒ th× l¹i ®îc lÖnh cuèn gãi ra ®i)
VÝ dô : - He said, "I have worked in this company for years" (¤ng ta nãi : "T«i lµm viÖc ë c«ng ty nµy ®· nhiÒu n¨m råi") ---> He said that he had worked in that company for years (¤ng ta nãi r»ng «ng ta lµm viÖc ë c«ng ty Êy ®· nhiÒu n¨m råi) - She said, "I left France five years ago" (C« ta nãi : "T«i rêi níc Ph¸p c¸ch ®©y n¨m n¨m") ---> She said that she had left France five years before (C« ta nãi r»ng c« ta ®· rêi níc Ph¸p tríc ®ã n¨m n¨m)
QUA KHU HOAN THANH LIENTIEP H×nh thøc Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh liªn tiÕn = Had been + HiÖn t¹i ph©n tõ
C«ng dông
VÝ dô : - She was sluggish because she had been sitting up all night to watch the Olympics on TV (C« ta uÓ o¶i v× ®· thøc suèt ®ªm xem §¹i héi ¤limpich thÕ giíi trªn ti-vi) - I had been trying hard not to laugh (T«i cè g¾ng hÕt søc ®Ó kh«ng cêi to)
TUONG LAI TUONG LAI DON GIAN
I will/I'll work I will not/I won't work You will/You'll work You will not/You won't work He will/He'll work He will not/He won't work We will/We'll work We will not/We won't work You will/You'll work You will not/You won't work They will/They'll work They will not/They won't work
Shall I work? Shall I not work?/Shan't I work? Will you work? Will you not work?/Won't you work? Will he work? Will he not work?/Won't he work? Shall we work? Shall we not work?/Shan't we work? Will you work? Will you not work?/Won't you work? Will they work? Will they not work?/Won't they work?
C«ng dông
VÝ dô: - We shall soon be home (Ch¼ng mÊy chèc n÷a chóng ta sÏ cã mÆt ë nhµ) - How long will you stay here? (Anh sÏ ë l¹i ®©y bao l©u?) - He is sure that everyone will arrive later than usual (Anh ta tin ch¾c r»ng mäi ngêi sÏ ®Õn muén h¬n thêng lÖ) - I hope that she will think again before offering her resignation (T«i mong r»ng c« ta sÏ suy nghÜ l¹i tríc khi nép ®¬n xin th«i viÖc) - I wonder where I shall be next year (T«i ph©n v©n kh«ng biÕt sang n¨m t«i sÏ ë ®©u) - Perhaps they will not forget to revenge their companions in arms (Cã lÏ hä sÏ kh«ng quªn tr¶ thï cho chiÕn h÷u cña hä)
VÝ dô : - Will you help me, please? (Anh vui lßng gióp t«i chø?) - You will drive me to the post office, won't you? (Anh ®a t«i ®Õn bu ®iÖn, ®îc kh«ng?) - You will address the letters of invitation and post them this afternoon (Anh ph¶i ghi ®Þa chØ lªn c¸c th mêi vµ chiÒu nay mang ra bu ®iÖn göi ®i)
VÝ dô : - If it rains, Ba will go there by taxi (NÕu trêi ma, Ba sÏ ®i taxi ®Õn ®ã) - If he hasn't finished with his coworkers, we shall wait for him at the canteen (NÕu «ng ta cha gi¶i quyÕt xong c«ng viÖc víi c¸c ®ång sù, chóng t«i sÏ ®îi «ng ta ë c¨ng-tin) Lu ý
VÝ dô : - It is going to rain (Trêi s¾p ma) - We are going to take our driving-test (Chóng t«i s¾p thi lÊy b»ng l¸i xe) - I am going to buy a cheap but powerful car (T«i ®Þnh mua mét chiÕc xe rÎ tiÒn nhng ch¹y khoÎ) - He is going to resign as ambassador-at-large (¤ng ta ®Þnh tõ chøc ®¹i sø lu ®éng) TL LIEN TIEP H×nh thøc T¬ng lai liªn tiÕn = T¬ng lai ®¬n gi¶n cña To Be + HiÖn t¹i ph©n tõ.
C«ng dông
VÝ dô : - Now we are making necessary preparations for the honeymoon trip to Nha Trang. This day week, we shall be visiting Nha Trang's tourist attractions (B©y giê, chóng t«i ®ang chuÈn bÞ nh÷ng thø cÇn thiÕt cho chuyÕn ®i hëng tuÇn tr¨ng mËt ë Nha Trang. Ngµy nµy tuÇn sau, chóng t«i sÏ ®ang tham quan c¸c th¾ng c¶nh du lÞch cña Nha Trang). - This time tomorrow, all the workers will be queuing up to receive luncheon vouchers (Giê nµy ngµy mai, tÊt c¶ c«ng nh©n sÏ ®ang xÕp hµng nèi ®u«i nhau ®Ó nhËn phiÕu ¨n tra)
C«ng dông DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra tríc mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c trong t¬ng lai. Thêng th× T¬ng lai hoµn thµnh ®i kÌm víi tõ ng÷ chØ thêi gian nh By then , By that time , By the end of the year ... ch¼ng h¹n. VÝ dô : - Early next week, we shall hold the marathon for the elderly. Regrettably, you will have left Vietnam by then (§Çu tuÇn tíi, chóng t«i sÏ tæ chøc cuéc ®ua marat«ng cho ngêi cao tuæi. TiÕc lµ ®Õn lóc ®ã, c¸c anh ®· rêi khái ViÖt Nam råi) - By the time this quotation reaches you, their company will have gone bankrupt (Lóc anh nhËn ®îc b¶n b¸o gi¸ nµy còng lµ lóc c«ng ty cña hä bÞ ph¸ s¶n råi)
- By the end of this century, United Nations Organization will have been existing for 55 years (§Õn cuèi thÕ kû nµy, Tæ chøc Liªn hiÖp quèc tån t¹i ®· ®îc 55 n¨m) - They will move to Ho Chi Minh City next year. By that time, you will have been living in Ho Chi Minh City for twenty-four years (N¨m tíi, hä sÏ dän vÒ ë thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh. §Õn lóc ®ã, anh sèng ë thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh ®· ®îc 24 n¨m)
HIEN TAI DIEU KIEN CACH H×nh thøc HiÖn t¹i ®iÒu kiÖn c¸ch = Should/Would + Nguyªn mÉu kh«ng cã To (®èi víi ng«i 1) hoÆc Would + Nguyªn mÉu kh«ng cã To (®èi víi ng«i 2 vµ 3)
C«ng dông
VÝ dô : - They assume that I shall/will applaud their audacious plan (Hä cho r»ng t«i sÏ t¸n thµnh kÕ ho¹ch t¸o b¹o cña hä) ---> They assumed that I should/would applaud their audacious plan. - I expect that your business will get better results (T«i mong r»ng c«ng chuyÖn lµm ¨n cña anh sÏ ®¹t kÕt qu¶ kh¶ quan h¬n) ---> I expected that your business would get better results.
VÝ dô : - We should say our prayers before going to bed (Chóng ta nªn cÇu nguyÖn tríc khi ®i ngñ) - Children shouldn't imitate the adults' vices (TrÎ em kh«ng nªn b¾t chíc thãi h tËt xÊu cña ngêi lín) - You should have rised early to attend morning service (LÏ ra anh ph¶i dËy sím ®Ó dù lÔ s¸ng) - I should like to ask a favour of you (T«i muèn nhê anh mét viÖc) - Why should he have the audacity to do it? (Sao nã l¹i c¶ gan lµm nh vËy nhØ?) - Hoa was anxious that exam results should be announced as soon as possible (Hoa nãng lßng mong cho kÕt qu¶ thi ®îc c«ng bè cµng sím cµng tèt) - He grown a beard in order that everyone should believe him to be old (¤ng ta ®Ó r©u ®Ó mäi ngêi tëng «ng ta giµ) - Should you change your mind, please let us know at once (NÕu cã thay ®æi ý kiÕn, xin «ng vui lßng b¸o cho chóng t«i biÕt ngay) - Would you give this report a look-over to make suggestions? (Anh vui lßng xem qua b¶n b¸o c¸o nµy ®Ó gãp ý) - Would you like some white coffee? (Anh dïng tÝ cµ phª s÷a nhÐ?) - That's just what he would say (§ã chÝnh lµ ®iÒu mµ cã lÏ anh ta sÏ nãi ra) - He changed his password so that nobody would be able to access data on his computer (Anh ta ®æi mËt khÈu ®Ó kh«ng ai truy cËp ®îc d÷ liÖu trªn m¸y cña anh ta)
C«ng dông
VÝ dô : - I hope that he will have solved the problem before we get back (T«i hy väng anh ta sÏ gi¶i ®îc bµi to¸n tríc khi chóng ta trë l¹i) ---> I hoped that he would have solved the problem before we got back.
1/ VÝ dô vÒ c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1
VÝ dô : - If you exceed the speed limit, you will be liable to a heavy fine (NÕu vît qu¸ giíi h¹n tèc ®é tèi ®a, anh sÏ bÞ ph¹t nÆng) - The pregnant bitch will bite you if you walk upstairs (Con chã ®ang cã mang sÏ c¾n anh nÕu anh ®i lªn lÇu) §Æc biÖt
- If he is poor, why does he own two adjacent houses? (NÕu anh ta nghÌo th× t¹i sao anh ta cã hai c¨n nhµ kÒ nhau?) - If it stops raining, I can drive faster (NÕu trêi t¹nh ma, t«i cã thÓ l¸i xe nhanh h¬n) - If this staircase is slippery, she may take a false step (NÕu cÇu thang nµy tr¬n, cã thÓ bµ Êy sÏ bÞ trît ch©n) - If you want to lose weight, eat less fat and take more exercise (NÕu muèn sôt c©n, chÞ h·y bít ¨n chÊt bÐo vµ tËp thÓ dôc nhiÒu h¬n) - If they are sleeping, I'll turn off the radio (NÕu hä ®ang ngñ, t«i sÏ t¾t ra®i«) - If you have finished eating, I'll have the domestic clear the table (NÕu anh ¨n xong, t«i sÏ b¶o ngêi gióp viÖc dän bµn) 2/ VÝ dô vÒ c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2
VÝ dô : - If I were their father, I would demand an apology from them (NÕu t«i lµ cha cña hä, t«i sÏ b¾t hä xin lçi) - If someone gave her a villa, she would use it as an orphanage (NÕu ai cho c« ta mét c¨n biÖt thù, c« ta sÏ dïng c¨n biÖt thù ®ã lµm n¬i nu«i trÎ må c«i) §Æc biÖt
- If you didn't love her, why did you pray for her speedy recovery from illness? (NÕu anh kh«ng yªu c« ta th× t¹i sao anh cÇu cho c« ta mau khái bÖnh?) - If someone knocked at the door, he said "Come in, please" (NÕu cã ai gâ cöa, «ng ta thêng nãi "Mêi vµo") - If I knew their address, I could correspond with them (NÕu t«i biÕt ®Þa chØ cña hä, t«i cã thÓ trao ®æi th tõ víi hä) 3/ VÝ dô vÒ c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3
VÝ dô : - If I had heard the news last night, I would have come there to give you a hand (NÕu ®ªm qua t«i hay tin th× t«i ®· ®Õn ®ã gióp anh mét tay) - If their papers had been in order, they would have left the police station at once (NÕu giÊy tê cña hä hîp lÖ th× hä ®· ra khái ®ån c¶nh s¸t ngay råi) §Æc biÖt
- If we had discovered his shelter, we could have arrested him long before (NÕu ph¸t hiÖn ®îc n¬i Èn n¸u cña h¾n th× chóng t«i ®· b¾t ®îc h¾n l©u råi) - If he hadn't had a lawyer, he might have gone to prison (NÕu kh«ng cã mét luËt s giái th× cã thÓ anh ta ®i tï råi) - If you had followed my advice, you would be singing joyfully with your family now (NÕu nghe theo lêi khuyªn cña t«i th× b©y giê anh ®· ®ang ca h¸t vui vÎ víi gia ®×nh anh) - If I hadn't followed your advice, I would be behind bars now/I would have been behind bars (NÕu kh«ng nghe theo lêi khuyªn cña anh th× b©y giê t«i ®· ngåi tï) - Thay v× If they had obeyed traffic regulations, this accident wouldn't have happened (NÕu hä ®i ®óng luËt, tai n¹n nµy ®©u cã x¶y ra), ta cã thÓ nãi Had they obeyed traffic regulations, this accident wouldn't have happened . - Thay v× If we had met him in the street, we would have invited him to our house (NÕu gÆp anh ta ngoµi phè, chóng t«i ®· mêi anh ta vÒ nhµ ch¬i råi), ta cã thÓ nãi Had we met him in the street, we would have invited him to our house .
VÝ dô : - Hurry ! (Nhanh lªn!) - Shut up ! (Im ®i !) - Wait for them ! (H·y ®îi hä!) - Always clean your teeth before going to bed ! (H·y lu«n lu«n ®¸nh r¨ng tríc khi ®i ngñ) - Never repeat it ! (§õng bao giê nh¾c l¹i ®iÒu ®ã !) - Never tell lies (§õng bao giê nãi dèi) - Don't hurry ! (§õng véi !) - Don't wait for them ! (§õng ®îi hä!) - Don't be rude ! (§õng hæn l¸o!)
VÝ dô : - Let's hand in our examination papers ! (Chóng ta h·y nép bµi thi !) - Let's stand up ! (Chóng ta h·y ®øng dËy!) - Let's not make so much noise ! (Chóng ta ®õng lµm ån nh vËy!) - Let's not talk with them ! (Chóng ta ®õng nãi chuyÖn víi hä!)
VÝ dô : - Let him wait ! (H·y ®Ó anh ta ®îi ®Êy!) - Let them come in ! (H·y ®Ó hä vµo!) - They must not come in / They are not to come in (Hä kh«ng ®îc vµo)
VÝ dô : - Do shut up ! (C©m måm ngay!) - Do stand aside ! (§øng sang mét bªn xem nµo!) GIA DINH CACH H×nh thøc
VÝ dô : - The king lives here (§øc vua sèng ë ®©y) (HiÖn t¹i ®¬n gi¶n )---> Long live the king ! (§øc vua v¹n tuÕ!) (HiÖn t¹i gi¶ ®Þnh c¸ch ) - It is requested that all shareholders be present (Yªu cÇu tÊt c¶ c¸c cæ ®«ng ®Òu ph¶i cã mÆt)
VÝ dô : - If only hewere good at English ! (Gi¸ mµ anh ta giái tiÕng Anh!) - I wish Iwere a little bit taller (T«i íc g× m×nh cao thªm mét tÝ) - He talks as if heknew everything in the world (H¾n nãi chuyÖn nh thÓ h¾n biÕt mäi sù trªn ®êi vËy)
VÝ dô : - Heaven help us! (L¹y trêi phï hé chóng ta!) - God save the king ! (L¹y chóa phï hé ®øc vua!)
VÝ dô : - It is important that he pay on time (§iÒu quan träng lµ anh ta ph¶i chi tr¶ ®óng h¹n) - He demands that he be told everything (Anh ta yªu cÇu ®îc nghe kÓ l¹i mäi chuyÖn)
VÝ dô : - If Ihad much money, I would make a round-the-world tour (NÕu t«i cã nhiÒu tiÒn, t«i sÏ lµm mét chuyÕn du lÞch vßng quanh thÕ giíi) - If only Iknew her phone number ! (Gi¸ mµ t«i biÕt sè ®iÖn tho¹i cña c« Êy!) - He shouted and jumped up and down as though hewere crazy (Nã la hÐt vµ nh¶y cÉng lªn nh ®iªn d¹i)
2) She says that she has been ill for three days (C« ta nãi r»ng c« ta èm ®· ba h«m nay) 3) She says that she lived there from 1990 to 1995 (C« ta nãi r»ng c« ta sèng ë ®ã tõ 1990 ®Õn 1995) 4) She says that she has just seen a horror film (C« ta nãi r»ng c« ta võa míi xem mét phim kinh dÞ) 5) She says that she is breast-feeding her baby (C« ta nãi r»ng c« ta ®ang cho con bó) 6) She says that she will teach us Japanese every day (C« ta nãi r»ng ngµy nµo c« ta còng sÏ d¹y tiÕng NhËt cho chóng t«i)
2) She said that she had been ill for three days (C« ta nãi r»ng c« ta èm ®· ba h«m råi) 3) She said that she had lived there from 1990 to 1995 (C« ta nãi r»ng c« ta ®· sèng ë ®ã tõ 1990 ®Õn 1995) 4) She said that she had just seen a horror film (C« ta nãi r»ng c« ta võa míi xem mét phim kinh dÞ) 5) She said that she was breast-feeding her baby (C« ta nãi r»ng c« ta ®ang cho con bó) 6) She said that she would teach us Japanese every day (C« ta nãi r»ng ngµy nµo c« ta còng sÏ d¹y tiÕng NhËt cho chóng t«i) TRO DONG TU TRO DONG TU CHINH
I am / I'm I am not / I'm not Am I? You are / You're You are not / You're not Are you? He is / He's He is not / He's not Is he? She is / She's She is not / She's not Is she? It is / It's It is not / It's not Is it? We are / We're We are not / We're not Are we? You are / You're You are not / You're not Are you? They are / They're They are not / They're not Are they?
- Nghi vÊn phñ ®Þnh lµ Am I not / Aren't I? Are you not / Aren't you? Is he not / Isn't he? ... Th× qu¸ khø (Past Tense)
I was I was not/wasn't Was I? You were You were not/weren't Were you? He/She/It was He/She/It was not/wasn't Was he/she/it ? We were We were not/weren't Were we? You were You were not/weren't Were you? They were They were not/weren't Were they?
HAVE Th× hiÖn t¹i (Present Tense) X¸c ®Þnh Phñ ®Þnh Nghi vÊn I have/I've I have not/haven't Have I? You have/You've You have not/haven't Have you? He has/He's He has not/hasn't Has he? She has/She's She has not/hasn't Has she? It has/It's It has not/hasn't Has it? We have/We've We have not/haven't Have we? You have/You've You have not/haven't Have you? They have/They've They have not/haven't Have they?
- Nghi vÊn phñ ®Þnh lµ Have I not / Haven't I? Have you not / Haven't you? Has he not/Hasn't he? ... - §èi víi th× qu¸ khø, Had / 'd lµ h×nh thøc kh¼ng ®Þnh cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i & Had not / Hadn't lµ h×nh thøc phñ ®Þnh cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i. H×nh thøc nghi vÊn phñ ®Þnh lµ Had I not / Hadn't I?, Had you not / Hadn't you? ...
DO Th× hiÖn t¹i (Present Tense) X¸c ®Þnh Phñ ®Þnh Nghi vÊn I do I do not/don't Do I? You do You do not/don't Do you? He does He does not/doesn't Does he? She does She does not/doesn't Does she? It does It does not/doesn't Does it? We do We do not/don't Do we? You do You do not/don't Do you? They do They do not/don't Do they?
- §èi víi th× qu¸ khø, Did lµ h×nh thøc kh¼ng ®Þnh cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i & Did not / Didn't lµ h×nh thøc phñ ®Þnh cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i. H×nh thøc nghi vÊn lµ Did he?, Did you?... , nghi vÊn phñ ®Þnh lµ Did he not / Didn't he?... C«ng dông
VÝ dô: - Peter didn't find the solution. I did find it (t¨ng cêng kh¼ng ®Þnh h¬n lµ I found it ) (Peter ch¼ng t×m ra ®¸p sè. T«i t×m ra råi) - You don't want me crying aloud, but I do cry aloud (t¨ng cêng kh¼ng ®Þnh h¬n lµ I cry aloud ) (Anh kh«ng muèn t«i thÐt lªn, nhng t«i vÉn thÐt lªn)
VÝ dô: - She runs faster than I do (C« ta ch¹y nhanh h¬n t«i) - Who won? - They did (Ai th¾ng? - Hä th¾ng) - Does she know you ? - Yes, she does / No, she doesn't (C« ta biÕt anh hay kh«ng? - Cã, c« ta biÕt t«i / Kh«ng, c« ta kh«ng biÕt t«i) - They sing well. Yes, they do / No, they don't (Hä h¸t hay. V©ng, hä h¸t hay/Kh«ng, hä h¸t kh«ng hay) - He learns Japanese and so do I (Nã häc tiÕng NhËt vµ t«i còng vËy) - You like volleyball but I don't (Anh thÝch m«n bãng chuyÒn, nhng t«i th× kh«ng)
VÝ dô: - You often take fast food , don't you? (Anh thêng dïng thøc ¨n nhanh, ph¶i kh«ng?) - She didn't take fast food, did she? (C« ta kh«ng dïng thøc ¨n nhanh, ph¶i kh«ng?)
VÝ dô: - Do stay here with the unfortunate fishermen (H·y ë l¹i ®©y víi nh÷ng ngêi d©n chµi bÊt h¹nh) - Do give me a chance to lay bare the truth (H·y cho t«i mét c¬ héi ®Ó bãc trÇn sù thËt)
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