Figure 6: The number of university (college) students and

In limitation of this article, the forecasting data on HQHR demand for sectors and the percentage of every demand is only forecasted for the HCM City area in period from 2011 to 2015. Accordingly, to ensure the economic development sustainably needs to meet correctly on quality and enough on quantity of HQHR for sectors. The demand of HQHR for industries such as chemicals, food processing is a very high with rate of 35% of total demand of HQHR; Engineering - Automotive, IT - Electrical - Electronics - Telecommunications and Finance - Banking - Accounting sector are also a great demand accounting for 10% or more of the total demand of HQHR in 2015.

Forecasting HQHR demand for labors with postgraduate and university/college level in Ho Chi Minh City is very great, accounting for 38% of the total demand of HR; the demand for intermediate and technical workers is accounted for 23%. Thus the total of skilled workforce demand is above 60% until 2015.

3. 
   SOME PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HQHR:
   

HR is an important factor in promoting economic, cultural and social development of a country, in which HQHR is capital and valuable asset of a business in process of economic development. To ensure sustainable development and increase value of products and services of an economy need to solve some practical requirements as follows:

• 
  It should re-assess quickly the entire HR of departments, general corporations and companies through surveying and examining from work; re-evaluate the output quality of the universities, colleges, vocational schools in the whole country as the basis data for proposing the strategy of training and vocational training;
  
• 
  The main components of HR of a country consists of: Agricultural HR; Industrial HR, Administration HR; Services HR; Business HR, Sciential and Technological HR; Cultural and Artistical HR; Leadership and Management HR. Building strategic national strategy on human resource are based on current needs and future growth of at least 10 years, medium term is 20 years and long term is over 30 years for these HR;
  
• 
  Developing strategies to develop HQHR through investment consistent with the overall plan of the government and with the participation of organizations and individuals. The process of human resource development are always oriented to maintain the structure of HR in a reasonable manner as required by the development and practical needs on labor of society;
  
• 
  Reforming strongly the national education system towards modern, contributing to training and developing human resource of the country with increasingly high quality, meeting the requirements of national development towards industrialization, modernization and further integration into the international economy. The preparation of the work force with good quality now is associated with the determination and the right steps of reformation to the education system, including tertiary education system. This problem also depends on the determination in changing the content, curriculum, management mechanisms between the Ministry of Education - Training and universities, the mechanism of selecting team managers, and lecturers…
  
• 
  Expanding size of training and improving training quality of universities, colleges, intermediate vocational schools, techical schools and vocational training centers in the nationwide. In the immediate, the need to review and conduct network planning of vocational training facilities in the whole country, especially vocational training system in the localities that attract a large amounts of labors of whole countries; building and investing in upgrading to create a system of vocational schools with high quality. Considering to importance of raising the level of teachers and to equip means to meet the development of science and technology to be growing in the world and in accordance with the requirements of the labor market in the country... It should attach the training of technical HR with operation area or near the workplace, linking training with actual work to promote the improvement of workers' self;
  
• 
  Enhancing the responsibility of enterprises and workers in the self-training and retraining and attracting HR. To promote the socialization of human resource development towards the state support businesses and workers through vocational information orientation, mechanisms and policies. The employees have to grasp proactively information and self-training, professional retraining, to access to labor markets, and to look for job. Enterprises are responsible for training and retraining of management staff, technical workers and skilled labor to meet requirements of the development of production and business in conditions of increasingly fierce competition of the integration process into the international economy.
  

1. 
   Website of General Statistics Office of Vietnam
   
2. 
   Website of Ministry of Education and Training
   
3. 
   Ministry of Labour - Invalids and Social Affairs
   
4. 
   Website of World Bank
   
5. 
   Website of International Monetary Fund
   
6. 
   Centre for Forecasting Manpower Demand and Labor Market Information HCM City
   
7. 
   World Bank Report, “Economic development is social development”, Press, 1998;
   
8. 
   UNDP Report, , Human Development Report 1996, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.,2010;
   
9. 
   Center Discussion Paper No. 874, Paths to success:The relationship between human development and economic growth, Michael Boozer - Yale University, Gustav Ranis - Yale University, Frances Stewart - University of Oxford, Tavneet Suri - Yale University, December 2003;
   
10. 
    Working Paper Number 18, Economic Growth and Human Development, Alejandro Ramirez - UNDP, Gustav Ranis - Yale University, and Frances Stewart - Queen Elizabeth House, October 1998;
    
11. 
    Birdsall, N, 'Social Development is Economic Development,' World Bank Policy Research Working Papers, WPS, 1123, Washington, DC, 1993.
    
12. 
    Prof. Dr. Pham Tat Dong, Building human and developing high quality human resources, March 2011;
    
13. 
    Skilled worker, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    
14. 
    Decision No. 201/2001/QD of the Prime Minister on approving "Education Development Strategies 2001-2010", dated 28-12-200;;
    
15. 
    Alan Greenspan The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World, p. 405, The Penguin Press, 2007 ISBN 978-1-59420-131-8.
    
16. 
    http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-skilled-workers.htm, wiseGEEK, What Are Skilled Workers?
    
17. 
    Do Van Dao - Pham Dinh Trieu, Political Academy - Department of Defense, High-quality human resources is a department education and high technical expertise, 2010.
    
18. 
    Professor. Dr. Nguyen Thi Canh, Economic Development Magazine, No. 219, Vietnam's economy through the development indicators and the impacts of the integration process, October 1, 2009.
    

It has been over 3 decades since China’s reform and opening-up. And during these years, great changes have taken place in China: economic aggregate substantially increased, economic structure constantly optimized, people’s life greatly improved and national strength continuously enhanced, which indicates that China has become an open market economy. China’s opening-up brings great opportunities for Chinese development, and it also has significant positive effects on China’s surrounding areas and countries, as well as on the world’s peaceful development. In the future, China will adhere to the direction of open development, increase domestic demand, enhance market capacity, absorb foreign capital, and expand foreign investment to promote both the regional and the worldwide economic development.

Chinese economy has flourished ever since its reform and opening-up for the past over 3 decades. Numerous tall buildings rise straight from the ground. People’s living standards has improved dramatically. China’s economic aggregate increased rapidly from 364.5 billion Yuan in 1978 to 21.0871 trillion Yuan in 2006, an increase of almost 60 times. The attainments of Chinese economy have been inscribed in both Chinese history and the world history. China has attributed to 70% of the world’s achievements in poverty relief.

The third plenum of the eleventh C.P.C central committee erected a mile-stone, established the guiding ideology of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, and initiated China’s reform and opening-up. Special economic zones were set up in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen in 1979. Later on, the reform was carried on in rural areas. The household contract responsibility system was established in 1982. “Planned commodity economy” was theoretically accepted in 1984. Enterprise reform for the system of ownership by the whole people was initiated in 1986. The basic route of CPC interpreted as “one central task and two basic points” and the theory of “science and technology is the primary productivity” was put forward respectively in 1987 and 1988. In 1992, the socialist market economic system reform goal was established. In 1993, the modern enterprise institution was began to be build up for state-owned enterprises transforming their management mechanism, for better adaptation of market economy, and for clear property, well defined power and responsibility, separate government functions, as well as scientific management. At the meantime, the reform of tax distribution system was put on the agenda and the financial system reform target was determined. In 1994, comprehensive supporting reforms in foreign trade system were established for unified policies, opened management, equal competition, fully-taken responsibilities for one’s own profits or losses, industry and trade combination and agent system implementation, as well as for an operation mechanism adapting to international economic general rules. Medical reform and housing market reform were put into schedule in the following years.

The goal of “two fundamental transformations” was put forward in 1995. And in that September, “CPC Central Committee on the developments of national economic and social development of national economy and social development: 9th Five-Year Plan and the 2010 long-range goal of the proposed” was passed in the fifth plenum of the fourteenth CPC Central Committee. The proposal pointed out that the key to realize 9th Five-Year Plan and the 2010 long-range goal consisted in “two fundamental transformations”: the transformation of economic system from the traditional planned to the socialist market oriented and the transformation of economic growth mode from the extensive to the intensive. The two fundamental transformations mark a new economic development direction of China towards deepen reform and improved quality. In 1997, the fifteenth National Congress of CPC put forward the basic program of CPC in the primary stage of socialism: the construction of socialist economy with Chinese characteristics is no other than developing market economy under socialism conditions and constantly emancipating and promoting production. In 1999, the non-public-owned economy was made clear to be part of socialist market economy. Meanwhile, the western development strategy was established. In 2001, China formally entered WTO. In 2002, the goal of comprehensive construction for a well-off society was established in the sixteenth National Congress of CPC Central Committee. The strategy of revitalization of northeast old industry bases was put forward in 2003. The next year, the Constitution provided legal protection of private property. In 2005, the agricultural tax was abolished, which thoroughly liberated 900 million Chinese farmers from agricultural tax. And also in 2005, a significant historical task of constructing new socialist countryside was established and the equity division pilot reform was initiated.

1.3 Deepen Reform Phase: after 2006

Central Committee of CPC put forward to construct the socialist harmonious society in its seventeenth National Congress and the outlook of scientific development was inscribed into the Party Constitution, both of which indicated that China has began to step into the stage of harmonious society construction.

Looking back to the course of Chinese reform and opening-up helps us be clear that it is a process of gradual reform, exploring socialist road with Chinese characteristics, choosing the proper path as a great developing country, and making contributions to the world economic development and the progress of civilization.

2 Basic Characteristics of Chinese Reform and Development

China’s reform and opening-up has made great achievements in social progress and economic development. China has become an emerging economy with the creation of Chinese Miracle.

2.1 Establishment of Comprehensive Material Production System

The 3-decade reform and opening-up has assured China a peaceful stability, a comprehensive material production system and significant economic achievements. China has transformed from primary industrial economy to a senior one, with the output of many industrial products including steel and household electrical appliances ranking first in the world. At the same time, both of the economic scale and economic aggregate of China is growing constantly.