CHƯƠng trình dự kiến tham dự HỘi thảo quốc tế TẠi tp hcm thời gian: từ ngày 8 đến ngày 10 tháng 12 năm 2011 Thành phần: 24 cán bộ, giảng viên của trường Đại học Thương mại


Figure 1: Total of labors and Trained labor rate of Vietnam over years



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Figure 1: Total of labors and Trained labor rate of Vietnam over years

World Development Report 2009 of World Bank (WB) showed ​​the comment: Vietnam was only 2.5% of the population to be learned from 13 years to up, and was behind the times compared to other countries in the region. And, Vietnam ranked last in the region at a rate of 10% of people aged 20 to 24 in college and university level. This rate is 15% in China, Thailand and South Korea is 41% and 89%.

Based on the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum, in 2009-2010, Vietnam was ranked 75/133 countries in labor productivity, while the third position of Singapore, 24th of Malaysia, 36th of Thailand... On evaluation of labor quality in Vietnam through labor productivity, PhD. Ho Duc Hung (HCMC University of Economics) comparisons: labor productivity in Vietnam is 10 times lower than to Indonesia, 20 times to Malaysia, 30 times to Thailand, and 135 times to Japan.

Investigation of the Ministry of Education and Training in 2009 that the country has 60% of graduates to have no jobs at right, the remaining 40% have jobs but the most of them must retrain and more people are not worked right the job learned; while many enterprises, including FDI enterprises and important economic projects are missing professional resources. Approximately two thirds of people with doctorates in the whole countries that are not working related to science are undertaking task of management; the number of scientific articles published each year are only about one quarter of Thailand and by 0.00043 % of the world, although the number of recipients of doctorates each year more often than in Thailand, some years with two times more than Thailand. According to the other survey by the World Bank (WB) assessed: Competitive HR Index in Vietnam was 3.39 points of 10-scale of point and capacity of competitiveness of Vietnam economy and reached 73/133 countries ranked but a serious imbalance. In Vietnam, every graduated staff is to have 1.16 intermediate labors and 0.92 of technical worker, while this ratio of the world is 4 and 10. Our country now, one thousand people have 198 university and college students, while of the world is 100, of China is 140, although the level of national income per capita in China about five times more than our country.



The survey report of "top 200 enterprises in Vietnam" by UNDP - Hanoi published May 9-2007 says: Through interviews, the Vietnam business owners agreed that (a) they had to retrain most people at all levels including apprenticeship, college and university, postgraduate who they got into their business; (b) they did not trust the system of universities and research institutes of the country, because the quality low teaching, weak and backward contents; lower research capabilities; books and equipment are lacking, asynchronous, old, and who were recruited very weak in foreign languages, organizational capacity and low management level.

Regarding the use of high quality workers also showed more concern for quality. According to preliminary investigation on HR, business director rates with master's degree is only 2.99%, 37.82% of university level, 3.56% of colleges level, while the rate of intermediate level is 12.33% and from the high school level to down accounted for 43.30%.

For HQHR, there are many indexes to assess this issue, in which human development index (HDI) is the most general index. This is also the norm to which Vietnam achieved a high level. According to data published in the Human Development Report of the ASEAN countries, in the Statistical Yearbook 2009 Summary of General Statistics Office announced, HDI of ASEAN countries as follows: Brunei 0.919; Cambodia 0.575; Indonesia 0.726; Laos 0.608; Malaysia 0.823; Myanmar 0.585; 0.745 Philippines, Thailand 0.786; 0.918 Singapore; and Vietnam 0.718. Thus, despite achieving much success in this area but within the ASEAN bloc, our HDI is only higher than three countries including Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar. According to the General Census in 2009, the labor rate trained from beginning level upwards reached is only to reach 14.9%. Preliminary, it shows that, although we has achieved certain achievements in developing human and HR, but to improve the population quality, HQHR development, efficient utilization of the demographic advantage, it is also still a great challenge for the program of economic and social development of our country in the coming period.

3. HQHR AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:



3.1.The contribution of HQHR in the economy:

In over 10 years, Vietnam's economy has had good growth shown by the GDP of 31.17 billion USD in 2000 up to 104.6 billion in 2010, accompanied by per capita income in Vietnam Nam has also increased from 402USD to 1.170USD. Average growth rate of Vietnam in 10 years is 7.9%. This is a remarkable achievement.


The development of Vietnam's economy also has a contribution of HR, particularly of skilled HR. Looking at Figure 3 shows, trained HR of Vietnam in recent years has development accompanied the development of the economy from 17% of the total workforce in 2000 to 39.8% in 2010. The average growth of trained HR in10 years is 28.2%.


The contribution of HQHR in the economy is expressed by the correlation between the percentage of trained HR (TLR) with the growth of GDP over the years (Figure 4). Between TLR and GDP are correlated strongly with correlation R = 0.9928 (R2 = 0.9857).


However, if based on the econometric model to calculate by the work of Pro. PhD. Nguyen Thi Canh, the model results have shown the main contributors are capital, labor and the level of technology and management (or elements of total factor-productivity) into growth of GDP. Calculation results indicated in order to increase 1% GDP, the contribution calculated for the period from 1990 to 2008) of the capital factor is 73%, the contribution of unskilled labor factor is 2.5% and of technology and management level (or total factor-productivity) is 24.5%. This result showed that factors which contributed most to economic growth in Vietnam. Under to the reform policies, opening up and integration, the foreign capital has flowed into Vietnam in recent years and is growing. The proportion of foreign capital accounts for over 30% of the total social investment. Inflow of foreign capital into Vietnam includes direct investment (FDI), capital development assistance (ODA), remittances and foreign portfolio investment capital (FPI). These factors contributed to Vietnam’s economic growth in over years.10

With such contribution of HQHR showed that, to increase 5-6 times higher than the growth of domestic product per capita, Vietnam needed to 25 years, while some countries around us were only from 10 to 15 years or even less. Notably, the previous stage of development of these countries has created firmly conditions for the active development in the next stage. While in Vietnam, recent years have begun to take on the structural difficulties of the economy to cause authorities being drastic to find a way out.

The fact shows that the distribution of HQHR in economic development has been demonstrated, however, this proportion is still low in Vietnam, not meet the demand for accelerated development of the economy and businesses.

2.3. The economic development to promote the development of HQHR:

To meet the requirements of development towards international integration, in recent years, the government and enterprises have focused more attention to building and developing HQHR. One of the most important expressions being the system of universities and colleges that are organized in the form of public or private is increasingly expanding. Academic year 2000 - 2001, size of universities and colleges in the whole country is only about 900 thousand students. As of 2010, there were 376 universities and colleges, with more than 1.9 million students, reaching 198 students/thousand people in the whole country. This number is high and have rate of speed of development rapidly. With a network of universities and colleges as now, every year this network may provide for labor market in the country form 1.0 to 1.2 million labors with professional and technical qualifications. This is also an advantage in order to meet the labor market in domestic and abroad with more severe criteria.



Total state budget expenditure for education and training in general was 15,609 billion VND in 200 and 104,775 billion VND in 2010, and is now accounted for 20% of GDP for Vietnam's education. In addition, there are budgets for social grants and training activities, and if calculated enough, the total of budgets for education and training activities our country accounts for about 30% of GDP.

As statistics from the Ministry of Education and Training ahs also showed inadequateness in education and training. While the system of universities and colleges is growing, the number of students has increased; the system of vocational intermediate schools is to develop slowly and in trend to decrease. If the academic year 2000 - 2001 the number of universities (colleges) was 153 and of vocational intermediate schools was 245, by 2010 the number of universities reached 376 while the vocational schools was only 282 with the rate of universities (colleges)/vocational schools in 2000 and in 2010 is 0.63 and 1:33.



Some vocational schools under the Ministry of Labour - Invalids and Social Affairs are also partly to contribute remarkably to the training and retraining for labors who works for the domestic and foreign enterprises. However, there should be an appropriate investment for training in high demand, easy to look for job and meet the requirements of technical skill for workers directly involved in production.




Source: Ministry of Education and Training


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