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- Table 3 Annual growth rate of Chinese cities, 1990–1995 City size Number of cities Population Urbanized land
| Small city
Total Urbanized area (sq. km) 3655.4 1673.2 3003.5 3276.2 11608.3 Percent of urban area 31.5% 14.4% 25.9% 28.2% 100.0% Urban population (million) 60.04 20.90 34.87 31.71 147.52 Percent of urban population 40.7% 14.2% 23.6% 21.5% 100.0% Source: Ma, 1997. Table 3 Annual growth rate of Chinese cities, 1990–1995 City size Number of cities Population Urbanized land ⬍ 200,000 5.1% 7.2% 4.7% 200,000 to 500,000 10.4% 13.8% 13.9% 500,000 to 1 million 9.0% 11.4% 6.4% >1 million 3.2% 14.4% 49.0% Source: Based on Zhao et al., 1998, Table 1-1-1, p. 4. 125 While urban population in cities increased by 21.6% from 1990 to 1995, the urbanized area increased by 90.4% in the same period. This means that the growth rate of urbanized land was much faster than that of the urban population, as summarized in Table 4. The rapid growth of urbanized areas, particularly in mega cities, has caught the attention of the central government, especially some top leaders. The main concern is the loss of cultivated land. Statistics shows that China’s per capita cultivated land has decreased significantly since 1949. In 1949, per capita cultivated land was 1800 square meters and it decreased to 1133 square meters in 1995, a loss of over one third in 45 years (Ma, 1997; Li and Nie, 1996). Given China’s huge population base, “Will China be able to feed its population?” became a hot topic attracting worldwide attention. The government’s official status is that national land use policy should be built on the prin- ciple of food self-sufficiency, which means cropland preservation (Hu, 1998). By the end of 1996, the State Council issued an administrative order that no more cultivated land would be allowed to be converted to other uses for a whole year. The State Council also asked for comprehensive research on the causes of cultivated land losses, which resulted in the birth of the Land Act of 1998. In reporting the amount of China’s cultivated land and its loss, the State Statistical Bureau always warns in footnotes “underestimated, subject to further veri- fication” (see notes of the Bureau’s statistical year- books from 1988 to 1995), thus making it difficult to calculate the accurate amount of loss. From the stat- istical yearbooks, the amount of cultivated land was 96.85 million hectares in 1985, reduced to 94.97 million in 1996. If these numbers were correct, the loss would be 1.88 million hectares, or 1.9% of the total cultivated land in a decade (Table 5). Land market forces and government’s role in sprawl: T Zhang tải về 149.87 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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