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Table 6 Cultivated land loss in China, 1986–1995 (in square km)
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| Table 6
Cultivated land loss in China, 1986–1995 (in square km) Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Loss 11083 8175 6447 5175 4674 4880 7387 7323 7087 6211 Source: China Department of City Planning, 1997b. 126 ties (10.62 percent) included rural industrial develop- ments and public uses in rural areas. The remainder was due to residential construction by and for farmers (4.04 percent) (State Statistical Bureau of People’s Republic of China, 1998, see Fig. 1). Market forces had a significant impact on land use conversion in rural areas. Since the increase of the market price of food crops (rice and wheat mainly) was slower than that of other farm products such as meat, fruit and wood after the reform, it is under- standable to see a very large amount of cultivated land being converted to orchard, meadow and timberland. Urban construction activity has contributed 18.52% to the loss of cultivated land, which means about one- fifth of the loss was the result of urban growth. Further evidence of rapid urban growth, an obvious phenomenon in all Chinese cities, could be found at the local level. Scholars have reported the growth of “built-up area” (in most cases, it means the central area) in Chinese cities. Table 7 shows the change of built-up area of the four city categories from 1990 to 1995. According to the report, mega cities such as Chongqing and Shanghai have demonstrated impress- ive expansion, and their growth rates were faster than that of other city categories. Fig. 2 illustrates the urban growth of Shanghai, China’s largest city. The urbanized area grew rapidly in the reform period; at the same time, there have been many plots of vacant farmland in the urbanized area, especially in the four new urban districts: Pudong, Jingshan, Baoshan and Jiading. In 1949, the city’s jurisdiction was 618 square km, and the urban district (“Shi-Qu” in Chinese, meaning Land market forces and government’s role in sprawl: T Zhang tải về 149.87 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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