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China’s urbanization and the Chinese
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| China’s urbanization and the Chinese
version of urban sprawl China’s urbanization and urban growth There have been a multitude of reports on urbaniz- ation in China, from both Chinese scholars and their foreign peers (to name some, including Dowall, 1993; Kirkby, 1985, 1996; World Bank, 1997; Wu, 1997; Song, 1992). Although methods of measuring China’s urbanization level, just as methods of measuring its GNP, have long been a controversial topic, by all measures, China is still at a low urbanization level. The World Bank reported that 30 percent of the Chi- nese population was urban in 1995, with 11 percent of total land as cropland and 43 percent as permanent pasture in 1994 (World Bank, 1998). The official Chi- nese statistical report indicates that 29.04 percent of the population was urban in 1995, and the proportion increased slightly to 29.92 percent in 1997 (State Stat- istical Bureau of People’s Republic of China, 1998). The State Statistical Bureau also reported that culti- vated land was 94.97 million hectares, or 9.89 percent of total land in 1996 (State Statistical Bureau of People’s Republic of China, 1998). However, the most recent national land use survey found that Chi- na’s cultivated land was 134.4 million hectares in 1997, 41% more than the amount reported by the stat- istical bureau. (Zhao et al., 1998). The new figure has been accepted by international organizations (see FAO’s web page www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/). China’s city classifications divide cities into four types, plus towns — activity centers of townships and some counties. A city with a population of more than 1 million is a mega city, over 500,000 but less than one million is a large city, from 200,000 to 500,000 is a medium city, and less than 200,000 is a small city, defined by the City Planning Act of China, 1990. Table 1 shows the numbers of the four groups of cit- ies, together with towns, in 1981 and 1990. Although the data shows the number of cities increasing, no official comprehensive data about the amount of China’s urbanized area have ever been published. Chinese researchers have estimated the Land market forces and government’s role in sprawl: T Zhang tải về 149.87 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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