International journal of Science Commerce and Humanities Volume No 2 No 2 February 2014
184
Aššurawy comments that the verb
kabur means ؟
aðuma wa tanaha fi el-
؟
iðam, it is so odious that it has
reached an extreme point on the scale of atheism.
Many other formulaic expressions are used interjectionally (Haywood & Nahmad, 1965: 446). For
example:
La ?elah-a ?ela ?ant sub
ħanak (Qur'an:21- 87)
There is no god except You. All extolement be to You! (Ghali, 2008: 329)
Ma
؟
aaz allah ?inn-a-hu rabb-i ?aħsan-a maθway(12-23)
Allah be my refuge! Surely He is my Lord who has given me the fairest lodging. (Ghali, 2008: 238)
Haša li-lah ma
؟
alemna ؟
alyhi men suu? (Qur'an:12- 51)
Allah forbid! In no way do we know any odious (deeds) against him. (Ghali, 2008: 241)
Some
swear words are also used exclamatorily. When two friends negotiate after being judged one
to
heaven and the other to hell, the former sees the latter's place. Then, he exclaims
Tallah-i in kedt-a laturd-iin (Qur'an:37- 56)
By Allah, decidedly you were almost about to topple me down indeed. (Ghali, 2008: 448)
It is a swear word used to express surprise as pointed out by
Al- Fayd l-
kašany in his interpretation of the
Qur'an. It is commented by Ghali (2008: 448) that
tallahi is a
stronger oath than the usual wallahi.
Moreover, the word
rada, besides meaning perish, indicates a fall into the void or a deep well. It means a
fatal falling down,i. e. leading certainly to death.Thus, it is higher on the semantic scale of falling down than
waqa
؟ ,
saqat or
hawa (all meaning 'to fall' with scalar difference). Rosengren (1997 qtd. in Beijar (2002)
shows that:
the exclamatory/emotive function of exclamatives is triggered by the sentence mood, the
propositional properties, and the stress pattern. The proposition is described as a predicate
inducing a scale of some sort: DEGREE or QUANTITY.
Generally, a speaker is
expected to produce a proposition of a certain value on some scale, that is, a proposition
in accordance with the norm in question.
Believers, when contemplate the great creation of heavens and nature, they exclaim:
Rabba-na ma xalaqt-a haza batil-an subhana-k (Qur'an:
3- 191)
Our Lord, in no way have You created this untruthfully. All extolement be to You! (Ghali, 2008: 75)
When believers are judged to paradise, they exclaim:
Al-hamd-u lilah-i lazy sadaqana wa
؟
d-a-h (Qur'an:39- 74)
Praise be to Allah Who has sincerely (made good) His promise to us (Ghali, 2008: 466)
This is an expression of great joy and high elation.
2
- Some constructions with lilah
Wa lilah ?awqata al ğaza? Tuula haza al-?usbuu
؟ '(Taha Hussein: 2010: 28)
wa-lilah may also be added to the word
darruhu as in:
Wa li-lahi darr-uhu min faris!
O! What a great knight he is!
3-
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