International journal of Science Commerce and Humanities Volume No 2 No 2 February 2014
182
Verbs of surprise of the two above-mentioned types are formed only from trilateral verbs on condition that:
1- they are in the active voice
2- they are capable of being fully inflected. So, we can't use verbs
of praise and blame like 'ne
؟
ma' and
'bi?sa'.
3- they should express an act or a state in which one person may surpass another.
4- they shouldn't be one of the defective verbs. So, we can't use defective verbs like
'kan'.
5- they shouldn't be one of those verbs whose adjectives are formed on the pattern
?f
؟
al for masculine and
fa
؟
laa? for feminine. So, we can't use, in this construction, verbs like
ħamura 'to become red' and ؟
awara 'to
become one-eyed' because the masculine and the feminine adjectives derived from these types of verbs are
?aħmar and
?a
؟
war and
ħamraa? and ؟
awraa? respectively.
If the verb does not agree with the above conditions, there must be some recourse to a
circumlocution. Thus, if the verb is augmented (e.g.
tadahraja) we use a trilateral root verb that accepts
this form (e.g. a
?a
ð
ma), then
we follow it with the masdar as in the following example:
Ma ?a
؟
ðama tadahruja assaxra
How fast this rock rolls!
The same rules apply if the verb is one of the defective verbs.
Ma ?ajmal-a ?esbah-a al-sama? Safiya
How clear the sky is this morning!
Tammam Hassan (2003: 358/9) adds that because of the confusion resulting from using these
structures in interrogation and negation, Arabs resort to some techniques like dispensing with the verb
of surprise and forming the structure with the
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