Exclamation in English and Arabic: a contrastive Study dr. Nadia Amin Hasan
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Exclamation in English and Arabic A Cont-đã chuyển đổi
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Collins dictionary defines exclamation as an abrupt, emphatic or excited cry or utterance. It may also be an interjection or ejaculation. Webster (1989: 330) confirms that to exclaim 'is to cry out in emotion or excitement or to utter under the stress of sudden thought or emotion.' Trask (1993:96) introduces exclamation as one of the four sentence types of traditional grammar, typically expressing a more or less emotional comment on something and often enhanced by a grammatical distinctive form, or any utterance serving to express emotion regardless of its grammatical form. Crystal (1997: 142) defines it as a term used in the classification of sentence functions and defined sometimes on grammatical and sometimes on semantic or sociolinguistic grounds. Huddleston (1984: 351) states that 'exclamation is characterized by a sense of surprise. Exclamatory statements are overlaid by an emotive element. They involve an emotive element' Quirk et al. (1985) use the term 'exclamation' to refer to the logical or semantic status of an utterance. The term 'exclamative' is often used to refer to a specific sentence/clause type on par with the three clause types declaratives, interrogatives and imperatives. This means that in Quirk et al.‟s terminology, some exclamations are realized by exclamatives, while some are not. Sadock & Zwicky (1985:162 qtd in Beijir, 2002) state that declarative and exclamatory sentences are similar as they both represent a proposition as being true, but they differ in that in an exclamation, the speaker emphasizes his strong emotional reaction to what he takes to be a fact, whereas in a declarative, the speaker emphasizes his intellectual appraisal that the proposition is true.” Radford (1997: 506 qtd. In Beijir, 2002: 1) defines an EXCLAMATIVE as “a type of structure used to exclaim surprise, delight, annoyance etc. Michaelis (2001: 1039) states that 'Exclamations … are grammatical forms which express the speaker‟s affective response to a situation: exclamations convey surprise. Surprise may be accompanied by positive or negative affect.' International journal of Science Commerce and Humanities Volume No 2 No 2 February 2014 175 . In so far as Arabic is concerned, Eid (1992: 563- 4) states that exclamation is driven by a strong feeling of astonishment arising from something curious and extraordinary. It is expressed positively to glorify or exalt someone or something and it may be expressed to degrade or condemn. It may also encode feelings of high elation or grief. Linguists confirm that it is a feeling of excitement for something extraordinarily vague. This sort of excitement is called exclamation even though it is not outwardly expressed. Grammarians state that it is an exaggerated description of something astonishing, unique and unprecedented. Moreover, it is expressed verbally. There are two methods for wording exclamation in Arabic: those that express functions other than exclamation but sanctioned as exclamatory by common usage or derived from tradition (termed by grammarians 'sama ؟i') and those consistent with the rules or norms (termed by grammarians 'qyassi'.). tải về 250.88 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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