International journal of Science Commerce and Humanities Volume No 2 No 2 February 2014
183
It may be followed by a noun without the article if the person addressed is present If the person
addressed is absent, the noun is put in the accusative as in:
Yaa ğafilan (Haywood & Nahmad, 1965: 444)
O careless!
In standard Arabic 'some
vocative nouns of an idafa construction' (Ryding: 170-1) are used to express
feelings of astonishment 'e.g.
yaa-salam or of bereavement and loss 'e.g.
yaa-xasara'.
Or the vocative as used in the Qur'an
Ya-bu
šra ! haza ğulam! (Qur'an:12-19}
What good tidings! Here is this youth! (Ghali, 2008: 237)
Exclamation of this type may also use the preposition 'l-' [pronounced with
fatħa] in addition to a definite
noun in the genitive case.
yalalmaskiin! O the poor man!
Yaalal?asaf! How unfortunate!
The preposition 'l-' is sometimes followed by a pronominal suffix to indicate the exclamatory object. It
should be followed then by the preposition
min and an indefinite noun.
Yaalaka min jaban!
O what a coward you are!
Wa ya nukraha min saa
؟
a ħiin ؟
ada aššayx wa qad wara ibnatahu fi tturaab (Taha Hussein, 2010:
41)
What evil hour it was when the old man went home after he had buried his daughter!
Some vocatives are used as part of some formulaic exclamatory expressions. As indicated in the
quran in sura al-kahf (or the Cave)
Yaa-waylatana mali haza al-kitabi la yu
ğaderu sağyratan (Qur'an:
18-49}
Oh woe to us! How is it with this book that it leaves out nothing, small or great, except that it has
enumerated it? (Ghali, 2008: 299)
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