Exclamation in English and Arabic: a contrastive Study dr. Nadia Amin Hasan
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Exclamation in English and Arabic A Cont-đã chuyển đổi
- Điều hướng trang này:
- The indignities that the world heaps on him!
| I. 2. The Theoretical Framework:
An analysis of Arabic will be conducted according to the semantic and formal criteria for identifying exclamations and exclamatives as set by Michaelis (2001), Rett (2008) and other linguists who share the same intuitions. In detecting Arabic exclamation, the material considered will be tested according to the bearings of the different definitions of the terms exclamation and exclamatives. The paper follows the differentiation made between exclamatives and exclamations posed by Quirk et al (1985). Michaelis (2001) examines the formal and semantic criteria which define exclamations. She sets them as the following: 1- The coding of surprise or the affective stance of the speaker: she states that exclamatives are grammatical forms that express the speaker‟s affective response to a situation: exclamations convey surprise. Surprise may be accompanied by positive or negative affect. Michaelis adds International journal of Science Commerce and Humanities Volume No 2 No 2 February 2014 177 that the speaker‟s affective stance toward the propositional content can be overtly expressed by a negated epistemic predicator like I can’t believe or by an interjection denoting the speaker‟s surprised affect.' However, the speaker‟s affective stance is not necessarily encoded at the lexico- grammatical level. She exemplified that exclamation may be represented by an isolated-NP exclamative like The indignities that the world heaps on him! ; thus, the speaker‟s affective stance is not lexically expressed. In such cases we can say that the speaker‟s affective stance can be inferred by the hearer from the semiotic value conventionally attached to the form employed. 2- the expression of a speaker's viewpoint: she asserts that ' Both exclamations and declaratives linguistically encode a proposition which the speaker assumes to be true'. But unlike declaratives, exclamations should semantically and pragmatically presuppose that the proposition is known to both speaker and hearer. But the scalar degree is known to the speaker only. Scalarity must be coupled with presupposition. Scalarity may be syntactically realized by anaphoric degree adverbs. This sentence type can be expressed in different formal expressions as there is a many-to-one mapping of form to function. Michaelis (2001) states them as follows: tải về 250.88 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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