30
P
P
R
R
I
I
N
N
C
C
I
I
P
P
L
L
E
E
S
S
O
O
F
F
T
T
R
R
A
A
N
N
S
S
L
L
A
A
T
T
I
I
O
O
N
N
Below are some general principles which are relevant to all translation:
a.
Meaning. The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of
original text. Nothing should be arbitrarily added or removed, though
occas
ionally part of the meaning can be “transpose”, for example, he
was limp with fatigue might become: Il était tellement fatigue qu’il ne
tenait plus debout.
Ask yourself:
- is the meaning of original text clear? If not, where does the
uncertainty lie?
- are a
ny words “loaded”, that is, are there any underlying
implications? (“Correct me if I’m wrong...” suggests “I
know I’m right”)
- is the dictionary meaning of a particular word the most suitable
one?
- does any thing in the translation sound unnatural or forced?
b. Form. The ordering of words and ideas in the translation should
match the originals closely as possible. (This is particularly in the form
and order of words. When in doubt, underline in the original text the
words on which the main tress falls.
c. Register. Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in
a given context (say, the business letter). To resolve these differences,
the translator must distinguish between formal or fixed expressions (je
vous prie, madame, d’agreér l’expression de mes sentiments
distinguish, or Please find enclosed...) and personal expression, in
which the writer or speaker sets the tone.
Consider also:
- would any expression in the original sound too formal/informal,
cold/warm, personal/impersonal... if translated literally?
- what is the intention of the speaker or writer? (to
persuade/dissuade, apologize/criticize?) Does its come
through in the translation?
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