Shanghai foreign language education press
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| STYLISTIC SCALES
The scale of formality has been variously expressed, notably by Martin Joos and Strevens. I suggest * Officialese The consumption of any nutriments whatsoever is categoric- ally prohibited in this establishment.' Official The consumption of nutriments is prohibited.' Formal Tou are requested not to consume food in this establishment.' Neutral "Eating is not allowed here. 1 Informal Tlease don't eat here.' Colloquial 'You can't feed your face here/ Slang 'Lay off the nosh/ Taboo 'Lay off the fucking nosh/ As always, the distinctions are fuzzy. In not so informaHanguage, translate demoms en moins by 'decreasingly 1 , tout a fait by 'entirely', d'un seut coup by 'at one attempt' or 'simultaneously. 1 Similarly, I suggest the following scale oi generality or difficulty: Simple The floor of the sea is covered with rows of big mountains and deep pits. 1 Popular The floor of the oceans is covered with great mountain chains and deep trenches.' Neutral (using basic vocabulary only) l A graveyard of animal and plant remains lies buried in the earth's crust/ Educated The latest step in vertebrate evolution was the tool-making man/ Technical 'Critical path analysis is an operational research technique used in management/ Opaquely technical (comprehensible only to an expert) 'Neuraminic acid in the form of its alkali-stable methoxy derivative was first isolated by Klenk from gangliosides/ (Letter to Nature^ November 1955, quoted in Quirk, 1984.) I suggest the following scale of emotional tone: Intense (profuse use of intensifers) ('hot') 'Absolutely wonderful. . . ideally dark bass . . . enormously successful. . . superbly controlled 1 Warm 'Gentle, soft, heart-warming melodies' Factual ('cool') 'Significant, exceptionally well judged, personable, presentable, considerable 1 THE ANALYSIS OF A TEXT /5 Understatement ('cokT) 'Not. . . undignified' Note that there is some correlation between formality and emotional tone, in that an official style is likely to be factual, whilst colloquialisms and slang tend to be emotive. In translating, the effusiveness of Italian, the formality and stiffness of German and Russian, the impersonality of French, the informality and understatement of English have to be taken into account in certain types of corresponding passage. tải về 2 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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