ĐỀ CƯƠng chi tiết lesson phonetics (NGỮ ÂM) MỘt vài quy tắc về trọng âM (stress)



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Model: can, could, must, may, might, should, am going to……….

Ví dụ : They are painting the fence

= The pence is being painted by them



Tourists buy a lot of souvenirs today.

= A lot of souvenirs are bought by tourists today.

The manager should sign these contracts.
= These contracts should be signed by the manager.

*Môtt số cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt:

1. Causative form: ( Thể nhờ bảo): “Have” or “Get”.

a. Have

* Chủ động : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing)

* Bị động : S + have + O.2 (thing) + Vpp

Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday.

---- I had the roof repaired yesterday.

b. Get

* Chủ động : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing)

* Bị động : S + get + O.2 (thing) + Vpp

Ex: I will get her to cut my hair

---- I will get my hair cut.

2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare, report, announce....

:

* Chư động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2 + V + O)



* Chủ động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause.

Hoặc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to - inf

Ex: - They said that John was the brightest student in class.

---- It was said that John was the brightest student in class.

----- John was said to be the brightest student in class.

Nếu Verbs of Opinion ở thì hiện tại, mệnh đề được tường thuật ở quá khứ, ta dùng cấu trúc sau:



* Chủ động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2+ V + O)

* Bị động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause.

or: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to have Vpp

Ex: They know that Mary won the competition.

---- It is known that Mary won the competition

---- Mary is known to have won the competition.

3. S (thing) + need + to be V pp Ex: These trees need to be watered every day



or : S (thing) + need + V-ing These trees need watering every day
Exercise 1:Change into passive voice:

  1. The teacher always welcomes new students.

______________________________________________________________________________________

  1. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877.

______________________________________________________________________________________

  1. The police found two children in the forest.

______________________________________________________________________________________

  1. They will send your order as soon as possible.

______________________________________________________________________________________

  1. The scientists are studying the problem carefully.

______________________________________________________________________________________

  1. Pat Murphy was riding the horse.

______________________________________________________________________________________

  1. The police have just arrested the robbers.

______________________________________________________________________________________

  1. They can use this room after 5p.m.

______________________________________________________________________________________

9. They have to repair the engine of the car.

→ __________________________________________________________________________________

10.. People must repair that old building.

______________________________________________________________________________________

11. People don’t learn a foreign language in a short time.

______________________________________________________________________________________

12. Did Henry write that book years ago ?

______________________________________________________________________________________

13. I wasn’t introduced to any of the guests.

______________________________________________________________________________________

14. You should place matches out of reach of children.

______________________________________________________________________________________

15. People say that inflation is getting out of control.

______________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2: Choose the most correct answer:



  1. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.

A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished

  1. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ______,sir. They’re on your desk.”

A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed

  1. Today, many serious childhood diseases _____ by early immunization.

A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented

  1. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.

A. done B. to do C. did D. do

  1. We get our mail ______ yesterday.

A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver

  1. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold.

A. is made B. is making C. made D. make

  1. If your brother _______ , he would come.

A. invited B. were invited C. were inviting D. invite

  1. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.

A. known B. knew C. is known D. know

  1. References _____ in the examination room.

A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used

  1. Laura ______ in Boston.

A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born

  1. His car needs ________.

A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed

  1. Her watch needs _______.

A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B

  1. My mother is going _____ this house.

A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell

  1. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______.

A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following

  1. Have you _____ by a dog?

A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit

  1. The room is being _____ at the moment.

A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean

  1. It _____ that the strike will end soon.

A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected

  1. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods.

A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting

  1. He was said _____ this building.

A. designing B. to have designed C. to designs D. designed

  1. Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.

A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung
LESON 6. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
1. Điều kiện loại 1 :

IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)
MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)

Simple Present


S + V[-e/es]

S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf)
Simple Future

S + will + V(inf)

S + will not + V(inf)

Will + S + V(inf)…?


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