ĐỀ CƯƠng chi tiết lesson phonetics (NGỮ ÂM) MỘt vài quy tắc về trọng âM (stress)

= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam.

= If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam. Ghi chú :

- Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)

- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : không được viết Unless you don’t write)

2. Điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 :

TYPE	IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)	MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
II	Simple Past Be  were (was) S + V-ed/2 S + didn’t + V(inf)	S + would / could + V(inf)
		S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf)
		Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ?
III	Past Perfect S + had + V-ed/Vpp S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp	S + would / could have + V-ed/3
		S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3
		Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3…?

+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân

Because Because of	+ nguyên nhân	So	+ kết quả
		Therefore
		As a result
		That’s why

= If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train

They don’t go camping because the weather is bad. (tình huống hiện tại  loại 2)

= If the weather weren’t bad, they would go camping.

= If she hadn’t stayed up late, she wouldn’t have been ill.

________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 1: Cho d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc:

1. 
   I (be)_________ angry if it turns out that you are wrong.
   
2. 
   If he (finish)__________ with the computer, I will put it away.
   
3. 
   If you leave now, you (be) _________ home in 2 hours.
   
4. 
   You (have to) ___________ finish writing it if you want to leave now.
   
5. 
   If it (not rain)__________ we will have the party outside.
   
6. 
   If I (live)__________ out of town, I would take up the garden.
   
7. 
   I (not mind) ________________ living in Sapa if the weather were better.
   
8. 
   If Mr. Hai (be) _____________ still a teacher, he wouldn’t permit such a bad behavior.
   
9. 
   We would be fine if we (leave) _________________ in the next ten minutes.
   
10. 
    I’m homeless. If I (have)_________ money now, I (buy) ______________ a big house.
    
11. 
    If we had missed the train yesterday, we (be) ________________ late for the meeting.
    
12. 
    It’s good that you reminded me about Ann’s birthday. I (forget) ____________if you hadn’t reminded me.
    
13. 
    The accident was your fault. If you had driven more carefully, it (not happen)________________.
    
14. 
    The view was wonderful. If I (have)_____________ a camera, I would have taken some photographs.
    
15. 
    If you had told me you needed money, I (lend)_____________ you some.
    

17. If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) ___________ him.

18. He (come) ___________ if you waited.

19. If she had had your address, she (write) ___________ to you.

20. We lost the match. If you (play) ______________ for us, we (win) __________.

21. He (not, have) _______________ an accident if he had not been driving so fast.

22. Had I known that she was sick, I (visit) ___________ her.

23. If today (be) ___________ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work.

24. If I became very rich, I (build ) ___________ a hospital for the poor.

25. If you (ring) _______________ the bell, the servant would come.

Exercise 2: Chän ph­¬ng ¸n tèt nhÊt ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau

1. 
   If I ______ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead.
   

2. 
   `We’ll have to go without John if he ______ soon.
   

3. 
   If I make some coffee, _____ the cake?
   

4. 
   If you ______ your homework, I _____ you watch TV.
   

5. 
   If you _____ this switch, the computer _____ on.
   

C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes

6. 
   ____ you, I would think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move.
   

7. 
   “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks. If I ________ cake, I ______ fat.”
   

C. would eat/could get D. am eating/ will get

8. 
   Pam broke her arm in the accident. It____ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt.
   

9. 
   “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _____ you, I _____ my job.”
   

10. 
    “John went to the hospital alone.”- “Did he? If he_____ me with him.”
    

C. had told/ could go D. had told/ would have gone

11. 
    “My car broke down when I was leaving London ”. – “_____, we’d _____ you up.”
    

C. if we’d known/ picked D. if we knew/ pick

12. 
    “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “_____ you, I _____ it. ”
    

C. if I were/would have taken D. were I/ would take

13. 
    “ You look tired ”- “well, if you ____ me up in the middle of the night, I _____ so tired.”
    

C. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t have been D. don’t wake/ won’t be

14. 
    ____ resigned, we would have been forced to sack him.
    

15. 
    If you _____ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there.
    

16. 
    The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she _____ absent again tomorrow, class____ tomorrow, too.
    

C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel

17. 
    If you ______ to my advice in the first place, you______ in this mess right now.
    

C. will listened/ wouldn’t be D. had listened/ wouldn’t be

18. 
    If he ____ me, I’ll be ready to help him.
    

19. 
    When winter comes, I ____ a new coat.
    

20. 
    What would Tom do if he ____ the truth?
    

Exercise 3:Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau:

1. 
   (A)Unless there (B)had been a (C)heavy storm, the climber (D)will not have died.
   
2. 
   What (A)would happen (B)if there (C)was (D)no water?
   
3. 
   A)If forests (B)had not been destroyed, there (C)will have been (D)no floods
   
4. 
   (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich.
   
5. 
   (A)What (B)would you have do (D)if you (D)were in my position?
   
6. 
   (A)If I (B)had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you.
   
7. 
   If (A)had I known you (B)were (C)in financial difficulty, I (D)would have helped you.
   
8. 
   (A)If she (B)had listened (C)to my direction she (D)will not turn down the wrong street.
   
9. 
   My children (A)won’t go to bed (B)unless they (C)don’t have (D)some money.
   
10. 
    If you (A)keep on (B)playing games (C)on the computer, I (D)would sell it.
    
11. 
    (A)Unless it (B)rains, we (C)will stay (D)at home.
    
12. 
    (A)If I (B)am (C)a director, I (D)would make more film about children.
    
13. 
    We (A)will go (B)to see the film “Titanic” (C)if the weather (D)is fine or not.
    
14. 
    (A)Had he planned (B)on going, he (C)will have let us (D)know.
    

(Danh từ chỉ người)	+ WHO	+ S
		+ S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ người)	+ WHOM	+ S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ vật)	+ WHICH	+ S + V…
		+ V…
(Danh từ)	+ WHOSE	+ noun	+ V…
			+ S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ nơi chốn)	+ WHERE	+ S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ thời gian)	+ WHEN	+ S + V…

Ví dụ : - The man gave me the money. He met me at the airport.

 The man who met me at the airport gave me the money.

- This is the man. We saw him at the party yesreday.

 This is the man whom/ who we saw at the party yesterday.

- The pencil belongs to me. It is in your pocket.

 The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me.

- The car is very expensive. He bought it.

 The car which he bought is very expensive.

- There is the man. His wallet was stolen.

 There is the man whose wallet was stolen.

- The tree should be cut down. The branches of the tree are dead.

 The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down.

- That is the village. I live in the village.

 That is the village where I live.

Lưu ý : Có 02 loại mệnh đề quan hệ:

* Defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) : đối với loại mệnh đề này, ta có thể dùng THAT thay thế cho WHO, WHOM hoặc WHICH

- The man who/ that met me at the airport gave me the money.

- The pencil which/ that is in your pocket belongs to me.

* Non-defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) : loại mệnh đề này thường đứng sau một danh từ riêng và phải có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính, không được sử dụng THAT để thay thế

- Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616.

- Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal.
Exercise 1: Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau:

1. 
   What’s the name of the man________?
   

C. whose car you borrowed D. his car you borrowed

2. 
   Colin told me about his job,_______ very much.
   

3. 
   Sheila couldn’t come to the party, _______ was a pity.
   

4. 
   Some of the people ______ to the party can’t come.
   

5. 
   Do you know the woman ______ lives next door?
   

6. 
   They are never on time, can’t be explained
   

7. 
   A pensioner is someone _____ no longer works and gets money from the state.
   

8. 
   The man _____ answered the telephone told me you were away.
   

9. 
   Some people ______ were arrested, have now been released.
   

10. 
    They give their children everything _____ they want.
    

11. 
    Tell me _____ you want and I’ll try to get it for you.
    

12. 
    The women ______ he fell in love left him after a few weeks.
    

13. 
    Do you still remember the day ______ we first met?
    

14. 
    I don’t know the name of the woman _______ I spoke on the phone.
    

15. 
    This school is often for children _____ first language is not English.
    

16. 
    Fortunately we had a map, _____we would have got lost.
    

17. 
    They asked me a lot of questions, _____ I couldn’t answer.
    

18. 
    The secretary was the only people _____ by the traffic chaos.
    

19. 
    An obstacle is something, ______ your way.
    

20. 
    _____ I really need is a long holiday.
    

Exercise 2 : Write who, that, which, where, when, or why or nothing to complete these sentences :

1/ Have you got the money ___________ I lent you yesterday ?

2/ Peter, ___________ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party.

3/ This is the machine ___________ cost half a million pounds.

4/ Mary, ___________ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.

5/ Have you read the book ___________ I gave you ?

6/ The house, ___________ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.

7/ Mrs.Jackson, ___________ had been very ill, died yesterday.

8/ Is this the person ___________ stole your handbag ?

9/ The dog, ___________ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking.

10/ I didn’t receive the letters ___________ she sent me.

11/ My mother, ___________ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised.

12/ The old man, ___________ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building.

13/ The horse, ___________ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened.

14/ We didn’t like the secetary ___________ the agency sent.

15/ I didn’t find the money ___________ you said you’d left.

16/ We visited the school ___________ my father taught.

17/ I met her last month, ___________ she came to our house.

18/ We all looked at the place ___________ the fire had started.

19/ Did they tell you the reason ___________ they were late?

20/ The cat sat on the wall ___________ it had a good view of the birds.

Exercise 3: Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau:

1. 
   On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park.
   

2. 
   The man whom remained in the office was the manager.
   

3. 
   This novel, which written by a well known writer, should be read.
   

4. 
   My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class.
   

5. 
   This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information.
   

6. 
   Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend.
   

7. 
   1975 is the year in when the revolution took place.
   

8. 
   Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today.
   

9. 
   The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent.
   

10. 
    At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire.
    

- Giíi tõ lµ tõ dïng ®Ó chØ mèi quan hÖ gi÷a danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ víi mét tõ kh¸c trong c©u.

- Giíi tõ lu«n ®i tr­íc mét danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ vµ c¸c danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ ®ã gäi lµ t©n ng÷ cña giíi tõ.

- §¹i tõ n»m sau giíi tõ lu«n ph¶i ë h×nh thøc t©n ng÷: him, her......

- §éng tõ ®øng sau giíi tõ lu«n ë h×nh thøc Danh ®éng tõ( Ving)

A. Prepositions used for Time and for Places.

1. AT:

a. For time:

- at 4 o’clock, at 5 pm	- at last/ first
- at night/ noon/ midnight	- at the moment
- at Christmas, at Easter	- at present
- at once - at the age of - at sunset/ sunrise	- at weekends - at the same time

b. For places:

- at home/ school/ work - at the theatre - at the seaside

- at the corner of the street - at the grocer’
s, at the doctor’s - at the shop

- at the top - at the bottom - at the foot of the page

- at the biginning of/ at the end of: vµo lóc ®Çu/ cuèi

- ( To arrive) at the airport/ rainway station.

2. IN:

a. For time:

- In ®­îc dïng tr­íc n¨m, th¸ng, mïa, buæi ( trõ at night, at noon).

- In time: ®óng giê.

- In: ë trong in the living room/ in the box.

- In ®­îc dïng tr­íc c¸c thµnh phè, ®Êt n­íc, miÒn, ph­¬ng h­íng: in London, in Hanoi, in France, in the east ..........

- in the street/ sky - in my opinion - in good/ bad weather

- in the newspaper - in the middle of - in English/ German

- in the rain/ sun - in the dark - in + time( in 2 days)

- in the water/ river/ sea - in a line/ queue - in a picture/ mirror/ photo

- in bed/ hospital/ prison - in the end:( cuèi cïng) - in love with

3. ON.

- On ®­îc dïng tr­íc thø ( ngµy trong tuÇn) eg. on Sunday

- On ®­îc dïng tr­íc ngµy th¸ng eg. on August 12^th

- On time : ®óng giê( chÝnh x¸c)

- On Christmas day

- On holiday/ on a trip/ on a tour

- On the occasion of: nh©n dÞp

b. For places:

- On : ë trªn eg. on the table - on the phone

- On horseback: trªn l­ng ngùa - on a diet

- On foot : b»ng ch©n( ®i bé) - on fire

- On TV / on radio - on the left/ right

- On the beach - on the 1^st floor

4. BY.

- By ®­îc dïng trong c©u bÞ ®éng nghÜa lµ ‘bëi’.

- By ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ ph­¬ng tiÖn ®i l¹i( by bike, by car.....)

- By the time : tr­íc khi

- By chance : t×nh cê

- Learn by heart: häc thuéc lßng

5. TO:

- TO th­êng ®­îc dïng sau ®éng tõ GO( go to the cinema..... nh­ng GO HOME).

- TO th­êng ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù di chuyÓn : My father takes me to the cinema.

Marry invited me to her birthday party.

6. INTO:

- INTO cã nghÜa lµ vµo trong, ®­îc dïng sau c¸c ®éng tõ : GO, PUT, GET, FALL( r¬i ng·), JUMP( nh¶y),

COME ......

eg. go into the room, get into the train, put the pen into the bag, fall into the river, jump into the river and swim, come into the house.....

- INTO cßn ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù thay ®æi cña ®iÒu kiÖn hoÆc kÕt qu¶:

7. OUT OF: ra khái.

eg. He came out of the house. / He is looking out of the window.

8. WITH:

- With: cã nghÜa lµ cã, mang, cïng: eg. A girl with blue eyes./ a coat with two pockets.

- With ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ mét c«ng cô, ph­¬ng tiÖn.

- With ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù liªn hÖ hoÆc ®ång hµnh, cã nghÜa ‘ cïng víi’

- With cßn cã nghÜa lµ ‘ víi’ Do you agree with me?

9. UNDER:

- Under: cã nghÜa lµ ë d­íi, ®Ó chØ vÞ trÝ phÝa d­íi mét vËt.

eg. The cat is under the table.

- Under cßn cã nghÜa lµ Ýt h¬n, thÊp h¬n.