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Sanskrit Beyond Text:
The Use of Bonji (Siddham) in Mandala
and Other Imagery in Ancient and
Medieval Japan
Susan Dine
A thesis
submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for
the degree
Masters of Arts
University of Washington
2012
Committee:
Cynthea Bogel
Marek Wieczorek
Haicheng Wang
Program Authorized to Offer Degree:
Art History
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Table of
Contents
List of figures…………………...…………………………………………………………………ii
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..1
Chapter I………..………...……………………………………………………………………....11
Chapter II: The Hō Mandara………………………………...…………………………………...36
Chapter III: The Miya Mandara……………..…………………………………………………...68
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….89
Figures……………………………………………………………………………………………94
Glossary………………………………………………………………………………………...118
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………128
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List of Figures
Figure 1.
Mahapratisara Dharani
Figure 2. Armband
Figure 3.
Mahapratisara Bodhisattva with Text of Da sui qiu tuoluoni
Figure 4.
Two pieces from Sanskrit Version of the Heart Sutra
and Vijaya Dharani
Figure 5. Modern practitioner during
a-ji kan
Figure 6.
Ajigi (The Significance of the Letter A): sheet 8 (detail) and sheet 9 (detail, first section)
Figure 7.
Seed-syllable Mandala of the Two Worlds: Womb World Mandala
Figure 8.
Seed-syllable Mandala of the Two Worlds: Diamond Mandala
Figure 9.
Dai Mandala of the Two Worlds: Diamond World Mandara
Figure 10.
Sanmaya Mandala of the Two Worlds: Womb World Mandala
Figure 11.
Sculptural mandala (katsuma mandara) in the Lecture Hall of Tōji: view from West at
the central sculptural group
Figure 12. Tōji Sanskrit slips
Figure 13.
Womb World Seed-syllable Mandala (Taizōkai shūji mandara
)
Figure 14.
Diamond World Seed-syllable Mandala (Kongōkai shūji mandara)
Figure 15.
Embroidered Seed-syllable Dual World Mandala
Figure 16.
Descent of Amida Nyōrai
Figure 17.
Collection of sheets of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas from the Womb and Diamond
mandalas: 2 sheets of
Diamond world mandala
Figure 18.
Heike Nōkyō:
Anrakugyōbon (chapter fourteen) frontispiece
Figure 19.
Ajigi (The Significance of the Letter A): sheet 7 (detail) and sheet 8 (detail of first
section)
Figure 20.
Kasuga Shrine Mandala from the Nezu Museum (
Kasuga miya mandala)
Figure 21. Scroll of
Xuanzang’s Travels in India (Genjo Sanzō-e)
Figure 22.
Avatar of the Three Shrines of Hakusan
Figure 23.
Kasuga Pure Land Mandala (Kasuga Jōdo mandara)
Figure 24.
Kasuga Deer Mandala (Kasuga shika mandara).
Figure 25.
Lotus Sutra with each Character on a Lotus Pedestal (ichiji rendai hokekyō)
Figure 26.
Incantation of the Buddha’s Name (Nenbutsu
)
Figure 27.
Portable Shrine (or reliquary) of the True Figure of the Deity of the Daijingu
Figure 28.
Short Sword (Wakizashi)