Notes:
A: S + V + OI + OD
P : S + BE + V3ed + OD + by + O
OR:( S + BE + V3ED + for/ to + OI + by + O)
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Ex: A: Lan gave Mary some books.
O I O D
P: Mary was given some books by Lan.
OR:(Some books were given to Mary by Lan.)
2/
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A : S + V + (THAT) + S + V ….
P: S + BE + V3ed + TO + V1
OR: IT + BE + V3ed + by + O + (THAT) S + V
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V: SAY KNOW THINK
BELIEVE REPORT RUMOUR
TELL CLAIM PROVE
CONSIDER…
Ex : A : They say that they has been ill.
P : He is said to have been ill. (or : It is said that he has been ill.)
LESSON 7: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
( Caâu Ñieàu Kieän)
Types and Use
(Loaïi vaø Caùch duøng )
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If Clause ( Mñeà IF)
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Main Clause ( Mñeà chính)
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1. Future Possible
ÑK coù theå xaûy ra ôû HT&TL
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V1 /s /es
IF + S + do /does +not + V1
*BE: am, is ,are
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will
S + shall + V1
can
may
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2. Present Unreal:
ÑK khoâng theå xaûy ra ôû HT&TL
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V2ed
IF + S + did not + V1
*BE: were
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would
S+ should + V1
could
might
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3. Past Unreal:
ÑK khoâng theå xaûy ra ôû QK.
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IF + S + had + V3ed
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would
S+ should + have + V3ed
could
might
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Ex: 1. If it is fine, we will go.
2. I’d fly everywhere if I were a bird.
3. If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done?
Sentence Transformation:
A/ UNLESS = IF … NOT
If + Neg. form
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= Unless + Affir. form
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am /is/ are not
do /does not + V1
If + S + did not+V1
were not
had not+ V3ed
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am /is/ are
V1/s /es
= UNLESS + S + V2ed
were
had + V3ed
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Ex: If you didn’t study hard, you’d get bad marks.
= Unless you studied hard, you’d get bad marks.
Note: Neáu caâu vôùi Mñeà IF Kñònh, Mñeà chính ôû theå Pûñònh , ta coù theå chuyeån sang
UNLESS = caùch ñoåi Mñeà chính thaønh theå Kñònh.
Ex: If you are lazy, you can’t be successful
= Unless you are lazy, you can be successful.
B/ CAÙCH VIEÁT CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN TÖØ TÌNH HUOÁNG
T . HUOÁNG CHO: 1.Coù töø “OR” : vieát ñk loaïi 1
2. H.taïi : loaïi 2
3.Q. khöÙ : loaïi 3
4.Coù töø “SO”: vieát xuoâi S + V SO S + V
IF + S + V , S + V
5.Coù töø “BECAUSE”: vieát ngöôïc
S + V because S +V
IF + S + V , S + V
6. Phuû ñònh vieát khaúng ñònh & ngöôïc laïi
Examples: 1. I am not clever, so I won’t be a doctor.
If I were clever, I would be a doctor.
2. John was sick because he ate much cake.
If John hadn’t eaten much cake, he’d not have been sick.
Tröôøng hôïp khaùc :
1.
-
S+ can /will+ V1 but S + must/ have to +V1
IF + S + V1/Vs,es , S + can/ will + V1 ( Ñk 1)
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Ex: I’ll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week.
If you promise to return the book next week, I’ll let you borrow it.
2.
-
V 1 or S + will /can +V1
S + will/ can + V1 unless you + V1
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Ex: Work hard or you’ll fail the exam.
You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard.
LESSON 8 : UNREAL WISHES
( Öôùc Muoán Khoâng Theå Xaûy Ra)
could + V1 : Tình huoáng Htaïi / Tlai , traùi vôùi khaû naêng
S + wish + (that) would / should + V1 : Tình huoáng Tlai
+ S + V2 / were; didn’t+ V1 / weren’t : Tình huoáng Htaïi
If only hadn’t + V3 : Tình huoáng Qkhöù
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Ex: a) I wish I (can fly) could fly.
b) We wish it (be) would be sunny soon.
c) If only we (see) saw a UFO now.
d) He wishes he (meet) had met her yesterday.
Sentence Transformation:
S+ be sorry
What a pity + ( that) S + V
It is a pity
S + regret + Ving / S + V
S + do / does not like + Ving / to v1
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S + wish + ( that ) + S + V
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a.
Note:
Theâm S ( neáu thieáu)
Kñònh Pñònh ( vaø ngöôïc laïi)
Htaïi Qkhöù;
Qkhöù Qkhöù hoaøn thaønh
Ex: I’m sorry that I didn’t come yesterday.
I wish ( that) I had come yesterday.
Ex: Mr. Taylor doesn’t like living in a small house.
Mr. Taylor wishes he didn’t live in a small house.
S + would like / would love + to V1 / to have + V3ed
S+ wish + ( that) S + V2 / S + had + V3ed
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b.
Ex: I’d like to have met her.
I wish I had met her.
LESSON 9: GERUND AND INFINITIVE
( Danh Ñoäng Töø & Ñoäng Töø Nguyeân Maãu)
GERUND (Ving) : ñoùng vai troø V & N cuøng moät luùc.
Vai troø:
S ( Ex: Learning English is easily.)
O - Sau prep. (Ex: We are interested in studying English.)
- Sau moät soá V (Ex: I enjoy swimming.)
3. C (Ex: Conservation is the safeguarding and the preservation of natural
resources.)
Notes: The + Ving + of + n ( Ex: The reclaiming of land.)
GERUND OR INFINITIVE :
Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu ( To+V1)
Theo qui luaät thoâng thöôøng, ñoäng töø naøo ñuùng sau moät ñoäng töø khaùc thì phaûi ôû daïng
nguyeân maãu (TO +V1)
Ex: a) I would like to speak to Mr. Duran.
b) Mary asked John to help her.
c) My brother wants to become a pharmacist.
d) Every body is expecting her to come.
II. Caùc ñoäng töø & cuïm töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng Ving :
acknowledge
admit
appreciate
avoid
celebrate
consider
delay =postpone
deny
detest
discontinue
discuss
dislike
endure
enjoy
escape
explain
fancy = imagine
feel like
finish
forgive
include
involve
justify
keep(continue)
mention
mind
miss
practise
prevent
prohibit
propose
quit
recall
report
resent
resist
risk
suggest
support
tolerate
understand
be accustomed to = be used to
be busy
be worth
can’t help
can’t stand
get used to = become accustomed to
look forward to
it’s no good
it’s no use
III. Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng Ving / To V1 nhöng khoâng doåi nghóa:
continue 5. begin
dread 6. hate
like 7. love
prefer 8. start
Ex: She started to learn English when she was 5 years old.
She started learning English when she was 5 years old.
IV. Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng Ving / To V1 nhöng doåi nghóa:
1 . FORGET, REGET, To V1 : seõ xaûy ra ( Tlai)
+
REMEMBER V ing : ñaõõ xaûy ra ( Qkhöù)
Ex: a) Remember to sent John a present. Today is his birthday.
b) I remember meeting you somewhere before but I’m sorry I forget
your name.
2. TRY + To V 1 : coá gaéng laøm.
V ing : thöû laøm.
Ex: a) She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college.
b) Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.
3. STOP + To V 1 : döøng laïi ñeå laøm vieäc gì khaùc.
V ing : döøng laïi khoâng laøm vieäc gì (ñang laøm) nöõa.
Ex: a) Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped to drink a coffee
b) That old man tried to stop smoking because of his bad cough.
4. NEED + To V 1 : caàn phaûi laøm ( yù chuû ñoäng).
V ing : caàn phaûi ñöôïc laøm ( yù bò ñoäng).
Ex: a) Tom needs to work harder.
b) The grass in front of the house needs cutting.
V. Moät soá tröôøng hôïp khaùc:
1. ADVISE To V 1 Ex: The police allow us to go there
ALLOW +
PERMIT
RECOMMEND V ing Ex: The police allow going there.
2. FEEL
HEAR + Vo / Ving ( ñang) Ex: We saw David jog
SEE jogging in the park.
WATCH
HELP
3. MAKE + O + V1 Ex: Please let me go.
LET
NOTICE
BID
4 . WOULD RATHER + V1 Ex: I’d rather drink tea than coffee.
HAD BETTER ( not ) You’d better not go out.
LESSON10 : CLAUSES & PHRASES
OF CAUSES & EFFECTS
(Meänh Ñeà Vaø Cuïm Töø Chæ Nguyeân Nhaân Vaø Keát Quaû)
S + be / Vord + SO + adj / adv + THAT + S + V
( quaù… ñeán noåi…)
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1.
Ex: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it.
He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + adj + n + THAT + S + V…
( quaù… ñeán noåi…)
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2.
Ex: It is such hot tea that I can’t drink.
He was such a bad driver that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
3.
-
S + be / V ord + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V1 (+ O)*
( quaù.. neân khoâng theå…)
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* Boû ‘for O’ khi O naøy = S hoaëc chæ chung chung.
* Boû O cuûa ‘to V’ khi O naøy = S
Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
He drove too badly to pass the driving test.
4/
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be +adj
S + ________ + enough + (for +O) + To V1 ( + O )
V ord + adv
(ñuû… ñeå…)
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Ex: The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.
He didn’t drive well enough to pass the driving test.
Sentence Transformation:
a/
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S(n) + be + SO + adj + THAT…
It /This /That
+ be + SUCH + (a/ an) +adj + n + THAT…
He/ She/ They
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Ex: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it.
It is such hot tea that I can’t drink it.
b/
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S + Vord + SO + adv + THAT …
S + be + SUCH + (a/an) + adj + n + THAT…
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Ex: He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
He was such a bad driver that __________________________.
c/
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S + V + SO + adj / adv + THAT + S + V + (O )*
S + V + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V1 (+ O)*
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* Boû ‘for O’ khi O naøy = S hoaëc chæ chung chung.
* Boû O cuûa ‘To V’ khi O naøy = S
Ex: a) The tea is so hot that I can’t drink.
The tea is too hot for me to drink.
b) He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
He drove too badly to pass the driving test.
d/
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…TOO + adj / adv …
… NOT + adj /adv + ENOUGH…
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Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.
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