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II. Identify the underlined part that needs correction
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II. Identify the underlined part that needs correction. 1. When it raining, I usually go to school by bus. A B C D 2. I learned a lot of Japanese while I am in Tokyo. A B C D 3. I have not been well since I return home. A B C D 4. I’ll stay here until will you get back. A B C D 5. When Sam was in New York, he stays with his cousins. A B C D 6. Last night, I had gone to bed after I had finished my homework. A B C D 7. I will call you before I will come over. A B C D 8. Ever since I was a child, I had been afraid of dogs. A B C D 9. By the time I left my apartment this morning, someone looked for me. A B C D 10. Whenever Mark will be angry, his nose gets red. A B C D 11. I had fried chicken when I am at the restaurant. A B C D 12. The first time that I went to New York, I go to an opera. A B C D 13. Before I arrived, he was talking on the phone. A B C D 14. When she will see him tomorrow, she will ask him. A B C D 15. As I was walking home, it begin to rain. A B C D 16. We stayed there after we finished our work. A B C D 17. Once it will stop raining, we will leave. A B C D 18. I will never speak to him again as long as I will live. A B C D 19. As soon as the other passengers gets on the bus, we’ll leave. A B C D 20. As soon as I will finish my report, I’ll call you and we’ll go out to dinner. A B C D 21. Mark was listening to music after his sister was reading a book. A B C D 22. Sam hadn’t received the parcel when I speak to him. A B C D 23. I have been hoping to meet you before I read your first novel. A B C D 24. By the time you finishes getting ready, we will have missed the train. A B C D 25. When you will arrive, there will be someone to meet. A B C D
1. Michael took a deep breath and dived into the water. After Michael had taken a deep breath, he dived into the water. Having taken a taken a deep breath, Michael dived into the water. After Michael had taken a deep breath, he had dived into the water. A and B are correct. 2. Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime. I had lunch when someone knocked on the door. When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door. I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door. I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door. 3. After locking the door of the shop, she left. She didn’t leave as soon as she locked the door of the shop. She didn’t leave before she locked the door of the shop. She didn’t leave until she locked the door of the shop. She left before she locked the door of the shop. 4. She didn’t say a word when she left the room. She left the room, saying a word B. Leaving the room, she said nothing. C. She left the room without saying a word D. B and C are correct. 5. Julia cleaned the house. Then she fell asleep on the sofa. A. After falling asleep on the sofa, Julia cleaned the house. B. After cleaning the house, Julia fell asleep on the sofa. C. Julia cleaned the house so that she could sleep on the sofa. D. Julia fell asleep on the sofa while she was cleaning the house. 6. During my dinner, the phone rang. A. The phone rang and I had dinner. B. The phone rang right after my dinner time. C. The phone began to ring as soon as my dinner was served. D. While I was having dinner, the phone rang. 7. We had to put off our wedding until September. A. It was not until September that our wedding had to be put off. B. Not until September did we have to put off our wedding. C. Our wedding until September had to be postponed. D. Our wedding had to be postponed until September. 8. As soon as he arrived at the airport, he called home. A. He arrived at the airport sooner than he had expected. B. No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called home. C. Calling home, he said that he had arrived at the airport. D. He arrived at the airport and called me to take him home. 9. When you are going to foreign countries, you should get medical advice first A. Before gone to foreign countries, you should get medical advice first. B. Before getting medical advice, you're going to foreign countries. C. You should get medical advice before you will go to foreign countries. D. Before going to foreign countries, you should get medical advice first. 10. / won't agree until John's apologized. A. I only agree when John will apologize. B. I wait for John apologize to agree. C. Only when John's apologized will I agree. D. Only when John's apologized I will agree. 11. It was breakfast time that Susan rang to me. A. When Susan rang to, me I had finished my breakfast. B. Susan rang to me after I had had my breakfast. C. When Susan rang to me, I was having my breakfast. D. I was going to have my breakfast when Susan rang to me. 12. The last time I went swimming was when I met you in Ha Long. A. I swam a lot when I was in Ha Long. B. I hadn't been swimming before I went to Ha Long. C. I haven't been swimming since I met you in Ha Long. D. I went swimming while I was in Ha Long. 13. She hasn't seen her uncle for years. A. She didn't see her uncle for a long time. B. It's years ago she has seen her uncle. C. It's the last time she saw her uncle. D. It's years since she last saw her uncle 14. / have never seen a romantic film. A. This is the first time I saw a romantic film. B. This is the first time I have seen a romantic film. C. This is this first romantic film I saw. D. This is the first romantic film I had seen. 15. I bumped into her during my stay in London. A. I ran into her while I was staying in London. B. I kept in touch with her during my stay in London. C. I saw her while I was staying in London. D. I ran over her while I was in London. 16. I will ring you the moment I receive my result. A. As soon as I receive my result, I will phone you. B. Sooner or later after I receive my result, I will give you a ring. C. After receiving my result, I will call you, D. I make you a phone when I gets my result. 17. We had hardly arrived the theater when the performance began. A. The performance had started before we arrive the theater. B. The performance started sooner than we arrived the theater. C. When we arrived the theater, the performance had already started. D. No sooner had we arrived the theater than the performance began. 18. Travelling in a plane always makes me nervous. A. I'm always nervous if travel in the air. B. I'm never nervous when I travel by air. C. I'm always nervous when I travel by air. D. I'm always nervous when I travel by the plane. ---------------------------------------- INFINITIVES – GERUNDS
Ex : To save money now is necessary . 2. Bổ ngữ của động từ ( the complement of a verb ) Ex : Our duty is to study harder . 3. Tân ngữ ( Object ) “To infinitive “ được sử dụng làm tân ngữ cho các động từ sau :
Ex : We hope to pass the next exam with high marks . 4. “To infinitive “ đựơc sử dụng sau một số động từ với cấu trúc : S + Verb + object + to infinitive
Ex : He persuaded his parents to lend him some money . 5. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng làm tân ngữ của các tính từ và thường dùng với cấu trúc: It is + adjective + ( for sb ) + to infinitive . Ex : It is dangerous to cross the street outside the zebra crossing . 6. “To infinitive “ được dùng sau “ Too + Adjective / Adverb ( for somebody ) Ex : This job is too hard for him to do . 7. “To infinitive “ được dùng sau “ Adjective / Adverb + enough ( for somebody ) Ex : The sea was warm enough for us to swim in . 8. “To infinitive “ được dùng sau for / of Ex : I’ll wait for you to finish our tasks . / It was kind of you to help me . 9. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng sau những từ như : “what , who , which , when , where , how ... “ Ex : Can you tell me how to get to the post office ? 10. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng sau danh từ hoặc đại từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hê . Ex : English is an important language to master. (English is an important language which we have to master) Have you got anything to read now ? ( Have you got anything that we can read now ? ) 11. “To infinitive “ được sử dụng để diễn tả mục đích hoặc kết quả . Ex : We go to school to widen our knowledge . 12. To infinitive “ được sử dụng sau động từ cost / take + túc từ Ex : It’ll cost a lot of money to make a trip around the world . It will take many years to rebuild this ancient temple .
Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết như : “ can , may , must , will , shall ... “ Ex : He can speak three foreign languages . Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như: “feel, hear, see, watch, notice ..“ hoặc sau các động từ“ make, let“ Ex : I saw him unlock the door . The teacher made us write a friendly letter . a/ Nhưng những động từ này ( ngoại trừ let ) khi ở bị động phải dùng “To infinitive “ Ex : He was seen to unlock the door . / We were made to write a friendly letter . b/ Feel ,hear ,see, watch thường được theo sau bởi V-ing khi đề cập đến sự tiếp diễn của hành động . Ex : I hear someone knocking at the front door . Sau các động từ như : “ had better , would rather , would sooner “ Ex : We would rather wait till tomorrow . III. The gerund ( V- ing ) ( Danh động từ ) Chủ ngữ của động từ . Ex : Learning foreign languages is very necessary . Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ . Ex : Most children are fond of eating sweets . Làm bổ ngữ cho động từ . Ex : His favorite sport is swimming in the river on Sundays Làm tân ngữ cho động từ . Ex : We have just finished doing our work . *Các động từ theo sau bởi danh động từ ( Verb + V-ing ) :
Ex : He avoided answering questions . V-ing được dùng sau GO : go fishing . go climbing , go swimming , go shopping Ex : My mother goes shopping on Sundays . V-ing được dùng sau các cụm từ :
Ex : I can’t help laughing whenever he tells a joke . / He is busy reading the newspaper . Những động từ sau đây có thể dùng (V-ing ) hoặc to- infinitive nhưng không có sự khác nhau về nghĩa
Ex : He began talking / to talk . He prefers staying home to going to the cinema ./ He prefers to stay home to go to the cinema . Các động từ dưới đây có sự khác nhau về nghĩa khi theo sau bởi động từ có to (to- infinitive ) hoặc danh động từ
Những động từ dưới đây được dùng với hai cấu trúc khác nhau : Sau các động từ advise , allow , encourage , permit , + V-ing được dùng khi không có tân ngữ
IV. Passive infinitive and passive gerund . Passive infinitive : To infinitive ( simple ) : ( to ) be + past participle ( V3/ V-ed ).
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