Transport Guidance for Steel Cargoes
Sanctions considerations
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- Điều hướng trang này:
- Dry-bulb thermometer
- Mate’s Receipt
- Sweat
- Cargo sweat.
- Wet-bulb thermometer
| 10.6 Sanctions considerations
Vessel owners must also consider any potential sanctions issues as they relate to steel cargoes. Significantly, and particularly with respect to steel cargo shipments to Iran, the carriage of finished or other steel products may potentially violate existing U.S., European Union or other applicable sanctions laws if such products intend to be used for prohibited purposes. Vessel owners are urged to conduct the required due diligence investigation into its contract partners and the end use of the subject steel cargo to avoid any unnecessary exposure to sanctions related liabilities or penalties. For additional guidance regarding sanctions related considerations, please refer to the American Club’s website at www.american-club.com . American Club: Transport Guidance for Steel Cargoes 93 APPENDIX 1: LIST OF DEFINITIONS • Dew point: The temperature at which air becomes saturated and cannot hold all of the moisture in it and condensation begins to form. • Dry-bulb thermometer: A thermometer used to measure the ambient temperature. The dry-bulb thermometer is exposed to the air but shield from radiation and moisture. The dry-bulb thermometer is one of the two thermometers that make up a psychrometer. • Dunnage: Loose materials used to support and protect cargo in a vessel’s hold. Examples of such materials include plywood, plastic/polythene sheets, cardboard, Styrofoam, air bags, rubber padding, kraft paper, bamboo, bamboo mats, timber, etc. • Mate’s Receipt: A receipt document signed by the vessel’s Master or chief officer, acknowledging the condition and receipt of cargo by the vessel. The individual in possession of the Mate’s Receipt is entitled to the bill of lading, which in due course is issued in exchange for that receipt. • Steel: A generally hard, strong, durable, malleable alloy of iron and carbon, usually containing between 0.2 and 1.5 percent carbon, often with other constituents such as manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, tungsten, cobalt, or silicon, depending on the desired alloy properties, and widely used as a structural material. Examples of the types of steel that are commonly transported by sea can be found in Section 3. • Sweat: The formation of condensation within a vessel’s hold. Sweat can be categorized into two types: ship sweat and cargo sweat. • Ship sweat. Condensation that accumulates on a vessel’s steel structure in the cargo hold’s side or deckhead when a vessel sails from a warmer to cooler place and warm air in the cargo holds come into contact with the cooler vessel’s structure. • Cargo sweat. Condensation that accumulates on the surface of a cargo when its temperature is below the dew point of the air adjacent to it. • “3º Celsius Rule”: Rule of thumb for ventilating. If the temperature of the outside air is at least 3º Celsius cooler than the air in the hold, then the cargo should be ventilated. • Wet-bulb thermometer: A thermometer with a bulb that is covered with moist muslin and is used in a psychrometer to measure humidity. • Whirling psychrometer: A psychrometer with a handle, which allows rapid rotation of mounted wet- and dry-bulb thermometers to ensure air flow around the bulbs. |