4
2.2.3 Conceptual Metaphor of English Prepositions
Lakoff and Johnson (1980) argue that conceptual
metaphor theory is
grounded in everyday experience. For example, “be at a crossroads” as in
We
are at a crossroads is projected into human cognition and may refer to a context
in which the two lovers are at a point of making a decision. Regarding the
semantics
of prepositions, TIME IS SPACE metaphor (Boroditsky, 2000);
however, the term “metaphorical meanings” in this study refers to the
metaphorical use of the prepositions in the abstract domain.
2.2.4 Image Schema Theory
2.2.4.1 Definition
An image schema is a cognitive structure which is used to interpret
humans’ physical experiences and connections of concepts in the human mind
(Clausner & Croft, 1999). Humans
make sense of the surrounding, such as
LEFT, RIGHT, UP and DOWN. After image
schemas of prepositions
representing their spatial senses are constructed in the human mind, they may
enable people to use them with the metaphorical meanings (Mandler &
Cánovas, 2014).
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