(-) S + have not (haven’t)/has not (hasn’t)+ V(past participle)

(-) S + have not (haven’t)/has not (hasn’t)+ V(past participle). (?) Have/Has + S + V(past participle)? * Wh- + have/has + S + V(past participle)? (I/We/You/They + have … ; He/She/It + has …)

- The Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action happening in the past and still continuing at the present time (often used with since and for).

Eg: We have lived in this city for 10 years.

She has worked in that company since 2000.

- The Present Perfect Tense is used to express past actions whose time is not definite.

Eg: I have read the instructions but I don’t understand them.

He has gone away.

- The Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action happening in an incomplete period.

Eg: It has been cold this winter.

Have you seen him today?

- The Present Perfect Tense is used to express a past experience.

Eg: I have been to Ho Chi Minh City several times.

He has done this job before.

- The Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action which will be completed in the future.

Eg: I will go when I have finished my homework.

He will phone you as soon as he has finished his work.

- The Present Perfect Tense is used with just for a recently completed action.

Eg: I have just bought a dictionary.

- The Present Perfect Tense is used with “not ……. yet”

Eg: I have not written to him yet

- The Present Perfect Tense is used with “It is the first time/the second time….”

Eg: It is the first time that he has been to Tuyen Quang.

- The Present Perfect Tense is used with the following adverbs: never, ever, recently, lately, already, up to now, so far, for a long time, for ages…