Ngữ pháp: I. Verb tenses : The simple present perfect tense 1-Cấu tạo

1. 
   Từ vựng : Từ bài 9 – 16
   
2. 
   Ngữ pháp:
   

1.: The simple present perfect tense

-Diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra.

Ex: She has just arrived at the airport.

They have begun a new English class recently.

- Diễn tả sự việc xảy ra không nhớ rõ thời gian.

Ex: I have already seen that play.

Have you ever been to New York?

He has not repaired his car yet?

- Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn liên quan đến hiện tại

Ex: I have lived in Vinh city since 2004.

I have lived in Vinh city for 4 years.

3 – Các từ đi kèm:

Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, it’s the first/ second time…, up to now, up to the present, till now(cho tới bây giờ)…

* Vị trí của các từ: - Just, never, ever, already đứng ngay sau have/ has.

- Yet, before đứng cuối câu.

*Notes: yet: chỉ dung trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi.

For + khoảng thời gian.

Since + mốc thời gian ở quá khứ.

Never: mang nghĩa phủ định.

2: the past continuous tense

1-Th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn: (past continuous)

1. 
   Cấu tạo:
   

(-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing…

(?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing...?

-Yes, S + was/ were.

-No, S + was/ were + not.

b-C¸ch dïng:

-DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.

Ex: I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.

-DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra th× hµnh ®éng kh¸c c¾t ngang.

Ex: When my mother came, I was watching TV.

(hµnh ®éng nµo x¶y ra tr­íc: chia ë QKTD, hµnh ®éng x¶y ra sau: chia ë QK§ vµ ®i kÌm when)

-DiÔn t¶ 2 hµnh ®éng cïng x¶y ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.

Ex:While I was watching TV, my father was reading a newspaper.

c-C¸c tõ ®i kÌm:

At 8 o’clock last night, at this time last week/ month/ year, when , while.

You are always getting up late in winter.

 Mai is always getting up late in winter.

• 
  Asks Ss if they often talk in class in order to give the complain
  

S_A : You are always talking in class.

 Minh is always talking in class.

 S + am/ is / are + always + V _ing

- It’s dangerous to swim in that river. ( Bôi ôû con soâng ñoù thaät nguy hieåm.)

- It’s easy to learn English. ( Hoïc tieáng Anh raát deã.)

- It’s difficult to do that exercise. ( Laøm baøi taäp ñoù raát khoù.)

Nhöõng tính từ thöôøng gaëp trong caáu truùc naøy laø:

It’s + easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, interesting, nice, great…

=> adj + to V….. = To V .. + tobe + adj = V-ing.. + tobe + adj…

2-: Subject + Verb + adjective + noun clause

- They are delighted that you passed your exam. (Hoï raát vui khi baïn thi ñaäu.)

- He was happy that you remembered his birthday. ( OÂng aáy raát vui khi baïn nhôù sinh nhaät cuûa oâng aáy.)

- I’m sure that they will come. (Toâi chaéc chaén hoï seõ ñeán.)

Nhöõng Adjectives thöôøng gaëp trong caáu truùc naøy laø:

happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry…

3. PHRASE OF PURPOSE

Ta coù theå duøng caáu truùc so as (not) to + Vo hoaëc in order (not) to + Vo ñeå dieãn taû 1 muïc ñích.

- I study hard so as to pass the exam

Coù 2 loaïi Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases vaø Past Participle Phrases.

a. Present Participle Phrases: dieãn taû yù “ñang laøm gì”.

- The boy standing over there is Jack.

- The boys playing in the garden are his sons.

b. Past Participle Phrases: dieãn taû yù thuï ñoäng (Passive)

• 
  The car made from recycled aluminum cans is 5 dollars.
  
• 
  The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s.
  

• 
  Chuùng ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây ñeå ñöa ra 1 lôøi ñeà nghò hoaëc yeâu caàu.
  

- Do you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baïn môû duøm cöûa soå.)

- Would you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baïn môû duøm cöûa soå.)

* Neáu ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:

III: passive voice

Ex: The workers make the pens.

The pens are made by workers.

*C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× qu¸ khø ®¬n:

EX: I visited my grandparents last week.

My parents were visited by me last week.

*C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh:

Ex:They have built this house since last week.

This house has been built since last week (by them)

*C©u bÞ ®éng cña c¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu:

Ex:He can mend this bike.

This bike can be mended by him.

C¸ch chuyÓn tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng:

-X¸c ®Þnh chñ ng÷, ®éng tõ, t©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng.

-T©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng chuyÓn thµnh chñ ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng.

-ViÕt be ë th× cña ®éng tõ chÝnh trong c©u chñ ®éng.

-ViÕt ®éng tõ chÝnh cña c©u bÞ ®éng ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ.

-Chñ ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng chuyÓn thµnh t©n ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng, viÕt sau ch÷ BY.

-NÕu chñ ng÷ lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n x­ng (they, he, she, we, you) hay ®¹i tõ bÊt ®Þnh (someone, everyone...) cã thÓ bá ë c©u bÞ ®éng.

-§èi víi ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu ë c©u bÞ ®éng, ta thªm BE vµo gi÷a ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu vµ ®éng tõ chÝnh (ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ)

+C©u trùc tiÕp: lµ c©u nãi ®­îc thuËt l¹i ®óng nguyªn v¨n lêi cña ng­êi nãi.

VD:Tom said, “I like reading books”.

Note: c©u trùc tiÕp ®­îc viÕt trong ngoÆc kÐp, vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt bëi dÊu phÈy.

+C©u gi¸n tiÕp: Dïng lêi m×nh ®Ó thuËt l¹i lêi cña ng­êi kh¸c.

VD: Tom said he liked reading books.

Note: C©u gi¸n tiÕp kh«ng bÞ ng¨n c¸ch bëi dÊu phÈy, dÊu ngoÆc kÐp vµ lu«n tËn cïng b»ng dÊu chÊm.

*C©u trùc tiÕp vµ c©u gi¸n tiÕp bao giê còng gåm hai phÇn:

-C©u t­êng thuËt/ mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt.

-C©u trùc tiÕp hay c©u gi¸n tiÕp.

C©u trùc tiÕp: Tom said, “I like reading books”.

C©u gi¸n tiÕp: Tom said he liked reading books.

-§æi ng«i, ®æi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn theo quy t¾c.

--> Tom said he liked reading books.

He said to me, “You can take my book”.

--> He said (that) I could take his book”.

-LÆp l¹i tõ said/ say.

-Bá ngoÆc kÐp, bá dÊu phÈy .

-Thay ®æi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn, ng«i cho phï hîp víi nghÜa cña c©u (nÕu cã)

*C«ng thøc:

-->Lan said (that) she was a student.

-§æi ®éng tõ say-->tell, said-->told, sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ vµo sau nã.

-Bá dÊu phÈy, dÊu ngoÆc kÐp, dÊu chÊm than, tõ please (nÕu cã).

-§æi ®¹i tõ nh©n x­ng, tÝnh tõ së h÷u, tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn (nÕu cÇn thiÕt)

+Kh¼ng ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “V…”

-->She told the students to close the books.

+Phñ ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V…”

-->She told me not to sit down

-§æi said-->asked (hoÆc wanted to know/ wondered) sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ (nÕu cÇn thiÕt).

-Bá dÊu ngoÆc kÐp, dÊu phÈy vµ dÊu hái.

-§Æt If/ whether lªn tr­íc chñ ng÷ cña c©u gi¸n tiÕp +®éng tõ lïi th×.

-§æi ng«i, ®æi tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn(nÕu cÇn thiÕt).




Trùc tiÕp: Do/ Does/ Did + S + V...?

-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V-lïi th×…
VD: “Do you go to school?” he said.

-->He asked me whether/ if I went to school.

-->Mary asked Nam if/ whether he could speak English.

-§æi said-->asked (hoÆc wanted to know/ wondered) sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ (nÕu cÇn thiÕt).

-Bá dÊu ngoÆc kÐp, dÊu phÈy vµ dÊu hái.

-§Æt tõ hái wh lªn tr­íc chñ ng÷ cña c©u gi¸n tiÕp +®éng tõ lïi th×.

-§æi ng«i, ®æi tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn(nÕu cÇn thiÕt).




*C«ng thøc: Trùc tiÕp: Tõ hái + do/ does/ did + S + V...?

-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + tõ hái + S + V-lïi th×…

VD: “Where do you live?” he said.

-->He asked me where I lived.

+D¹ng ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu:




Trùc tiÕp: Tõ hái + can/ shall/ will+ S + V...?

-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + Tõ hái + S + could/ should/ would + V…
VD: Mary said to Nam, “How can you speak English?”

-->Mary asked Nam how he could speak English.

VD1: “Are you a student?” She asked me.

-->She asked me if I was a student.

VD2: “Is she doing her homework?” Mary asked him.

-->Mary asked him if she was doing her homework.

VD3: “What are you doing?” Mai said to Hoa

-->Mai asked Hoa what she was doing.

V: COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun V-ing / TO-INFINITIVE

Nhöõng ñoäng töø thöôøng duøng trong caáu truùc naøy laø: tell, show, point out, learn …

• 
  He told me what to do.
  
• 
  He showed us how to open the box.
  
• 
  He pointed out where to get tickets.
  

Nhöõng ñoäng töø thöôøng duøng trong caáu truùc naøy laø:

• 
  I want to buy a new shirt.
  
• 
  He decided to go home.
  
• 
  They started to run.
  

• 
  Fire- making contest
  
• 
  Rice-cooking festival
  
• 
  Clothes-washing machine
  

3. 
   Exercises
   

1. She hasn’t finished the letter _______(already / yet / never ).

2. Lan’s studying hard ______ pass the final exam ( as to / in order to).

3. Do you mind ______ the window ? ( close / closing / to close ).

4. I am happy ______ all the exams. ( to pass / passing / pass ).

5. Finally, we decided _______ to the concert. ( going / go / to go ).

6. The boy ______ next to Hoa is a new comer. ( sits / sitting / to sit ).

7.Would you mind if I_______ you a question. ( asking / to ask / asked ).

8. Ba _____ a shower at 8 o’clock last night. ( is talking / was talking )

9. He ______ he was aplumber .( says / said / to say ).

10. It is a ___________ contest.(cooking - rice / riced - cooking / rice – cooking )

11. Which of the following is not a wonder of the world ? ( Angkor Wat / Big Ben / Hanging Gardens of Babylon ).

12. Last week, our school held ______ ( a contest arranging – flower / an arranging – flower contest / a flower – arranging contest ).

13. Would you mind if I _______ off the light. ( turning / turn / turned ).

14. Empty milk bottels are ­­­­______ by the milkmen in Britan. (collect / collecting / collected )

15. Can I get you some madicine ? This sentence is a(n)­­_______ ( offer / request / promise ).

16. You can only see the ________ nowadays. ( Hangig Gardens of Babylon / Statue of Zues / Piramid of cheops )

17. We are watching a _______ on TV ( fighting – bull festival / bull – fighting festival / festival bull fighting ).

18. A: Could you call an ambulance, please ?

B: ­­­­­­­­­­­____________ ( all right / yes, please / I’m glad )

19. The school gate ________ at 5.30 PM every day. ( lock / locks / is locked )

20.This is a picture os Mount Rushnore where a heads of a four American presidents are ______ into the rock. ( put / carved / cut )

21. I can see a boy ________ a water buffalo. ( ride / riding / to ride )

22. It is _________ to travel around Vietnam. ( interesting / interested / interestedly )

23. Cool the burns immediately so as to ________ tissu damage. ( ease / relieve / minimize )

24. Milk bottels can be _________ after being cleaned (recycled / thrown away / broken / reused)

25. We are looking for ward to _________ you in May ( seeing / see / to see / be seen )

26. The Piramid of cheops is one of the seven __________ of the world. ( pyramids / temples / wonders

27. Angkor Wat _______ around 1100 to honor a Hindu God ( is built / was built / has been built )

28. What is a _________ contest ? ( fire – making / fires – making / fire – make )

29. Do you mind if I __________ here ? ( sitting / to sit / sit )

30. The boy __________ a book is Ba ( reading / read / to read )

31. I _______ Cuba in 1990 ( visit / visited / have visited )

32. Don’t forget to give the vitim a cup of tea when he ( revives / revive / reviving ).

33. It’s _______ to travel around Vienam. ( interesting / interested / interest ).

34. Milions of Christmas cards ________ every year. ( were sent / are sent / send / is sending ).

1. 
   Sydney Opera House / complete / 1973
   
2. 
   Nhi asked Nga / she know / My Son
   
3. 
   You / finish / homework / yet, Ba ?
   
4. 
   The Le family / sleep / when / the mailman / come.
   
5. 
   We / delighted / you / instrested / protect / environment
   
6. 
   While / I / dinner / phone / ring .
   
7. 
   When / the poem / write ?
   
8. 
   The celabration / will / hold / tomorrow .
   
9. 
   They / play / tennis /10.30 yesterday morning.
   
10. 
    I / have / wonderful time / Sydney.
    
11. 
    Eiffel Tower / design / Alexandre Gustave Eiffel / 1889.
    
12. 
    I / like / learn English.
    
13. 
    She / often / use / it / for reading.
    
14. 
    Last week / she / buy / English – Vietnamese dictionary.
    
15. 
    She / always / want / improve her English.
    

1. 
   Do you want to visit Ho Chi Minh City.
   

2. 
   The cats has broken many bowls and dishes.
   

3. 
   Could you send the letter for me ?
   

4. 
   Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem in 1823.
   

5. 
   “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children
   

6. 
   The last time I played tennis was 2003
   

7. 
   She said : “ Can you speak Spanish, Minh ?”
   

8. 
   I asked Nam : “Are free toninght ?”
   

9. 
   He said to me : “ I don’t know what Lan is doing”.
   

10. 
    Ba invited Liz to the rice – cooking festival.
    

1. Last night, I _______ ( walk ) along a country road when suddenly I _______ ( hear ) footsteps behind me .

2. A new supermarket ________ ( build ) next year.

3. They ________ ( hold ) the rice – cooking festival every two years.

4. Nga advised Nhi how ________ ( go ) from My Son to Hoi An

5. The rice – cooking festival _________ ( hold ) every two years .

6. The letter _______ ( post ) a week ago and it _______ ( arrive ) yesterday.

7. My mother ________ ( wait ) for me when I _________ ( come ) home .

8. The light ________ ( go ) out while we ________ ( have ) dinner.

9. “What _______ you __________ ( do ) this time yesterday ?”

10. It suddenly _______( begin ) to rain while Laura _________( sit ) in the garden.

11. It is late, so we decided _______ ( take ) a taxi home.

12. It started _______ ( rain ) when they left home .

13. Don’t forget _______ ( turn off ) the lights before _______( go ) out .

14. I ______ ( have ) to go to the dentist last Sunday.

15. Ann ______ ( do ) her homework at 8 o’clock this morning.

16. Would you mind if I _______ ( open ) the door.

17. Nga told Nhi what ________ ( do ) there during the visit.

1. 
   The performed Christmas songs for people in town.
   
2. 
   Mr. Thanh didn’t teach me last year.
   
3. 
   Does Viet Nam export rice to many countries ?
   
4. 
   They have just built a new church near my house.
   
5. 
   Somebody must do something for these poor men.
   
6. 
   People speak English and French in Canada.
   
7. 
   People say that he is the best doctor.
   
8. 
   Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
   
9. 
   They will laugh at you wear that silly hat.
   
10. 
    Miss. Thanh taught me to draw the Christmas cards.
    
11. 
    My grandfather built this house over 40 years ago.
    

1. 
   They will be helped by the kind man
   
2. 
   French isn’t taught in this school.
   
3. 
   Was this symphony written by Mozart ?
   
4. 
   The Christmas trees were decorated and put at the front door.
   
5. 
   My camera was stolen from my hotel room a few day ago.
   
6. 
   Most of the question can be answered by Nam.
   
7. 
   A new supermarket is going to be built next year.
   
8. 
   How often are these animals fed ?
   

1. 
   He said to us : “You are my best friends”
   
2. 
   Nam said : “Lan wants to come here but she isn’t very well”
   
3. 
   He said to friends : “I must go home now” .
   
4. 
   Lan said : “I don’t know how to do these exercises”.
   
5. 
   Nien asked Hoa : “Do you have many friends ?”
   
6. 
   Thanh said to her teacher: “I will finish my execises at home”.
   
7. 
   Tom said : “ I am student.”
   
8. 
   Nga to her brother : “I can’t answer this question”.
   
9. 
   Charles said : “I’m living in London now.”
   
10. 
    Johnny said to me “I don’t know what Fred is doing.”
    
11. 
    She said : “I will answer the phone.”
    
12. 
    July said : “John wants to come here but he isn’t very well.”
    
13. 
    Susan said : “ My sister is coming to see me next week.”
    
14. 
    Judy said to me : “I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you when I get back.”
    

1. 
   He always drives carefully. He doesn’t want to cause accidents.
   
2. 
   The boy stood on the benches. They want to get a better wiew.
   
3. 
   Nam is studying very hard. He wants to keep pace with his classmates.
   
4. 
   We turned out the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity.
   
5. 
   He moved to the front row. He could hear the speaker better.
   
6. 
   I wish to have enough money. I want to buy a new house.
   
7. 
   Thanh and Na are going to Australia. They want to learn English.
   
8. 
   We hurried to school. We didn’t want to be late.
   
9. 
   T went to the college. I wanted to see Professor Taylor.
   
10. 
    She wore warm clothes. She didn’t want to get cold.
    

1. 
   The baby is crying for her mother. She is sitting in an armchair.
   
2. 
   The boy was taken to the hospital. He was injured in the accident.
   
3. 
   Do you know the man ? The man is talking to Tom.
   
4. 
   The window has been repaired. It was broken last night.
   
5. 
   The taxi broke down. It was talking us to the airport.