The microscope has always been the referee technique in particle
characterization since it is accepted as the most direct measurement
of particle size and morphology. Automating manual microscopy has
been driven by the desire to replace a tedious, somewhat subjective
measurement with a sophisticated technique for quantifying size and shape
of a sufficient number of particles to assure statistical confidence with the
end result. Analysts performing manual microscopy tend to describe particle shape
using language such as round, blocky, sharp, fibrous, etc. By assigning quantitative
values rather than qualitative
to various shape descriptors, image analysis systems
provide numerical distributions of well defined shape parameters
Two distinct development paths have emerged over time differing in how the sample
is introduced to the measurement zone: dynamic image analysis where particles flow
past one or more cameras and static image analysis where
particles sit on a slide
moved by an automated stage for inspection by camera and microscope.
Many basic functions operate the same with either approach (Figure
29): particles are presented to the measurement zone, images are
captured with a digital (CCD) camera, the particles are distinguished
from the background, various size and shape parameters are measured
for each
particle, and a result report is
generated. Additional features built into modern
image analysis software include the ability to
automatically separate two particles touching each
other,
filling holes, smoothing or removing small
protuberances, separating overlapping a cicular
objects, and keeping track of incomplete objects
in a field in order to recombine them once all
fields are analyzed.
IMAGE
ANALYSIS
TECHNIQUE
CAMSIZER X2 & P4
|
PSA300
CAMSIZER P4 dynamic
image analysis
RANGE IN MICRONS
20µm - 30mm
OPTIMAL APPLICATIONS
POWDERS
WEIGHT 40kG (88 lbs) w/o
computer
FOOTPRINT
WIDTH 850mm (33.5”)
DEPTH 350mm (14”)
HEIGHT 650mm (26”)
CAMSIZER X2 dynamic image analysis
RANGE IN MICRONS
0.8µm - 8mm
OPTIMAL APPLICATIONS
POWDERS
WEIGHT 50kG (110 lbs) w/o computer
FOOTPRINT
WIDTH 850mm (33.5”)
DEPTH 570mm (22.5”)
HEIGHT 580mm (23”)
PSA300
static image analysis
RANGE IN MICRONS
0.5nm - 1,000µm
OPTIMAL APPLICATIONS
POWDERS AND SUSPENSIONS
WEIGHT 34kG (75 lbs) w/o computer
FOOTPRINT
WIDTH 686mm (27”)
DEPTH 483mm (19”)
HEIGHT 446mm (17.5”)