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108-Article Text-590-1-10-20171119
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Minerals content 
The concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and iron (Fe) were 
determined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, 4100ZL, Waltham, USA). 
Sample (1 mL) was mixed with concentrated nitric acid (6 mL) and 30% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide (1 mL) before 
digestion for 15 min using a microwave digester (Milestone Ethos One, High Performance Microwave Digestion 
System, Shelton, USA). After digestion, the digests were diluted accordingly with deionised water. For Na 
determination, 0.1% (w/v) potassium chloride was added during the dilution process. For Ca and Mg 
determination, 0.5% (w/v) lanthanum oxide was added during the dilution process. All diluted samples were 
then introduced to flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the absorbance obtained was recorded. 
Sensory evaluation of freeze-concentrated coconut water 
 
Seven-points scale hedonic test has been applied to evaluate and measure the degree of overall acceptance and 
degree of satisfaction for the fresh (as control), freeze-concentrated, and reconstituted (from concentrates) 
coconut water samples. Reconstitution of freeze-concentrated was carried out using potable water to achieved 
the desired TSS value. 
 
 


18/ J. Agrobiotech. Vol. 8 (1), 2017, p. 13–24. 
 
The sensory test evaluation was being conducted in two sets of samples to avoid confusion among sensory 
panellist. For the first set, the sensory panellists were offered with 3 samples; GC (6.0 °Brix), FGC (12.1 °Brix), 
and reconstituted FGC with 6.0 °Brix (RFGC). Another 3 samples; MC (3.9 °Brix), FMC (7.9 °Brix), and 
reconstituted FMC with 3.9 °Brix (RFMC), were served to the same sensory panellists after the first set. The 
attributes that were being measured are appearance, colour, sweetness, aroma, sourness, saltiness, taste and 
overall acceptance. Total of 40 untrained sensory panellists from School of Industrial Technology’s staffs and 
students participated in this evaluation. Prior to the sensory evaluation, all sensory panellists were given a brief 
information and instruction. The samples were coded using random numbers and arranged according to 
permutation numbers. 

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