Food Process Engineering and Technology
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- Điều hướng trang này:
- Table A.6 US standard sieves US sieve No. Sieve opening ( μ m)
- Table A.4 Continued Material Temperature (T, ⴗC)
- Gas λ Liquid Gas
- Table A.6 Continued US sieve No. Sieve opening ( μ m)
- Appendix 581 Table A.8 Properties of saturated steam – pressure table Pressure (kPa) Temperature (
- Table A.9 Properties of superheated steam Temperature ( ⴗ C )
| Appendix 579
Table A.5 Emissivity of surfaces Material Temperature ( ⴗ C) Emissivity ( ) Aluminum, polished 220–580 0.039–0.057 Aluminum, oxidized 200–600 0.11–0.19 Steel plate, rough 30–400
0.94–0.97 200–500 0.44–0.36 Concrete tiles 1000
0.63 Glass 200–550 0.95–0.85 Water 0–100
0.95–0.963 Ice
0
0.63 Adapted from: Foust, A.S., Wenzel, L.A., Clump, C.W., Maus, L. and Andersen, L.B. (1960). Principles of Unit Operations. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York.
4
4760 6
3360 8
2380 10
2000 20
840 30
590 40
420 50
297 60
250 Table A.4 Continued Material Temperature (T, ⴗC) Thermal conductivity (k, W/m.K) Specifi c heat (C P , J/kg.K) Thermal diffusivity ( α , m 2 /s) Liquids
Water 20 0.599
4180 0.143 10 6 Water 60 0.652
4180 0.161 10 6 Water 100 0.684
4210 0.170 10 6 20 0.167
2440 0.087 10 6 Edible oils 20 0.17
2500 0.070 10 6 Milk 20 0.56
4000 0.135 10 6 Sucrose soln 20% w/w 20 0.54
3800 0.131 10 6
Copper
370
420 105 10 6 Aluminum 230
900 95 10 6 Steel 60
460 16 10 6 Stainless steel 15
480 4 10 6 1.1
850 0.65 10 6 Glass 0.75
800 0.35 10 6 Water ice 0 2.22
2100 1.14 10 6 Extracted from: Bimbenet, J.J., Duquenoy, A. and Trystram, G. (2002). Génie des Procédés Alimentaires. Dunod, Paris. (Continued) 580 Appendix Table A.7 Properties of saturated steam – temperature table Temperature ( ⴗC) Pressure (kPa) Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg.K) Liquid Gas λ Liquid Gas 10
1.228 42
2520 2478
0.15 8.901
20 2.339
84 2538
2454 0.30
8.667 30
4.246 126
2556 2430
0.44 8.453
40 7.384
168 2574
2407 0.57
8.257 50
12.35 209
2592 2383
0.70 8.076
60 19.94
251 2610
2358 0.83
7.910 70
31.19 293
2627 2334
0.95 7.755
80 47.39
335 2644
2309 1.08
7.612 90
70.14 377
2660 2283
1.19 7.479
100 101.3
419 2676
2257 1.31
7.355 110
143.3 461
2691 2230
1.42 7.239
120 198.5
504 2706
2203 1.53
7.130 130
207.1 546
2720 2174
1.63 7.027
140 361.3
589 2734
2145 1.74
6.930 150
475.8 632
2746 2114
1.84 6.838
160 617.8
676 2758
2083 1.94
6.750 170
791.7 719
2769 2049
2.04 6.666
180 1002
763 2778
2015 2.14
6.586 190
1254 808
2786 1979
2.24 6.508
200 1554
852 2793
1941 2.33
6.432 λ Latent heat of evaporation. This is an abridged summary table. For more detailed data please consult: Keenan, J.H., Keyes, F.G., Hill, P.G. and Moore, J.G. (1969). Steam Tables: Thermodynamic Properties of Water Including Vapor, Liquid and Solid Phases. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Table A.6 Continued US sieve No. Sieve opening ( μ m) 80
177 100
149 120
125 140
105 170
88 200
74 270
53 Adapted from: Perry, J.H. (ed.) (1950). Chemical Engineers Handbook, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. Appendix 581 Table A.8 Properties of saturated steam – pressure table Pressure (kPa) Temperature ( ⴗ C) Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg.K) Liquid Vapor λ Liquid Vapor 10
46 192
2585 2393
0.649 8.150
20 60
251 2610
2359 0.832
7.908 40
76 318
2637 2319
1.026 7.670
75 92
384 2663
2279 1.213
7.456 100
100 417
2675 2258
1.303 7.359
150 111
467 2694
2227 1.434
7.223 200
120 505
2707 2202
1.530 7.127
250 127
535 2717
2182 1.607
7.053 300
134 561
2725 2164
1.672 6.992
350 139
584 2732
2148 1.725
6.940 400
144 605
2739 2134
1.777 6.896
450 148
623 2744
2121 1.821
6.856 500
152 640
2749 2109
1.861 6.821
550 156
656 2753
2097 1.897
6.789 600
159 671
2757 2086
1.932 6.760
650 162
684 2760
2076 1.963
6.733 700
165 697
2763 2066
1.992 6.708
750 168
710 2766
2056 2.020
6.685 800
170 721
2769 2048
2.046 6.663
850 173
732 2772
2040 2.071
6.642 900
175 743
2774 2031
2.095 6.623
950 178
753 2776
2023 2.117
6.604 1000
180 763
2778 2015
2.139 6.586
λ Latent heat of evaporation. This is an abridged summary table. For more detailed data please consult: Keenan, J.H., Keyes, F.G., Hill, P.G. and Moore, J.G. (1969). Steam Tables: Thermodynamic Properties of Water Including Vapor, Liquid and Solid Phases. John Wiley & Sons, New York. (Continued) Table A.9 Properties of superheated steam Temperature ( ⴗ C ) Pressure (kPa) 100 200 300 400 500 h s h s h s h s h s 100
2676 7.361
150 2776 7.623
2769 7.279
2761 7.078
2753 6.930
200 2875 7.834
2870 7.507
2866 7.311
2860 7.171
2855 7.059
250 2974
8.033 2971
7.709 2968
7.517 2964
7.379 2961
7.271 |