NOTES
Chapter 1. Introduction: Stab, Stab, Stab
1
English vocabulary is 28 percent French and 28 percent Latin: How can I possibly separate
French words from Latin words, when French comes from Latin?
English picked up words from
these languages in two big waves. Most of the French words came into English in the eleventh
century during the Norman Conquest.
The Latinate words came later, along with the Greek ones
during the Renaissance. No matter what, if you’re learning a romantic language like French, you’ll
recognize an enormous number of words from English.
Chapter 2. Upload: Five Principles to End Forgetting
1
They were identified in the 1970s: If you’d like to read more about Levels of Processing, there
are two articles you should check out. The first provides a nice
overview of the research in
general, and the second delves a bit deeper into the mnemonic advantages of Personal Connection
(also known as the Self-Reference Effect): Robert S. Lockhart and Fergus I. M. Craik, “Levels of
Processing: A Retrospective Commentary on a Framework for Memory Research,”
Canadian
Journal of Psychology 44, no. 1 (1990): 87–112; Cynthia S. Symons and Blair T. Johnson, “The
Self-Reference Effect in Memory: A Meta-Analysis,”
CHIP Documents (1997): Paper 9.
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This effect even applies to totally unrelated images: Note that a related image works better, so
if you need to learn the word
apple, you might as well grab a picture of an apple. Also note that if
the
image is the opposite of what you’re learning (if you’re learning
hot with a picture of an ice
cube), you’re going to have a
harder time remembering that combination. The best summary of this
stuff comes from the following article: W. H. Levie and S. N. Hathaway, “Picture
Recognition
Memory: A Review of Research and Theory,”
Journal of Visual/Verbal Languaging 8 no. 1
(1988): 6–45.
3
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