Fluent Forever : How to Learn Any Language Fast and Never Forget It



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Hermann Ebbinghaus: Ebbinghaus’s 1885 study earned praise from contemporaries and modern
psychology historians alike. William James—the father of American psychology—referred to
Ebbinghaus’s work as “really heroic” in his book Principles of Psychology (James, William. The
Principles of Psychology. New York: Dover Publications, 1950). And the already quoted “single
most important investigation” comes from Duane Schultz’s textbookA History of Modern
Psychology (Schultz, Duane P., and Sydney Ellen Schultz, A History of Modern Psychology.
Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2012). If you’d like to read about Ebbinghaus’s “exhaustion,
headache and other symptoms” directly from the source, his study has been translated into English
by Henry Ruger and Clara Bussenius (Ebbinghaus, Hermann. Memory: A Contribution to
Experimental Psychology. Translated by Henry Alford Ruger and Clara E. Bussenius. New York
City: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1913).
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Two different study schemes: There is so much research on testing and studying that it’s hard to


point you in one particular direction. If I were you (and if I wanted to learn more), I’d start with
Henry L. Roediger and Jeffrey D. Karpicke, “The Power of Testing Memory: Basic Research and
Implications for Educational Practice,” Perspectives on Psychological Science 1, no. 3 (2006):
181–210. Roediger and Karpicke summarize most of the research, and they do it in a (relatively)
friendly way.
Chapter 3. Sound Play
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The best data we have on this process come from studies of Americans and the Japanese:
Patricia Kuhl is my favorite researcher in this field, and her TEDx talk “The Linguistic Genius of
Babies” (see 
http://tinyurl.com/TEDKuhl
) is a wonderful, accessible introduction to this line of
research.
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