Exclamation in English and Arabic: a contrastive Study dr. Nadia Amin Hasan
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Exclamation in English and Arabic A Cont
| 2. Exclamation 'sama؟ii' = non-rule governed.
This can be dubbed exclamation. 1- Some formulaic constructions express functions other than exclamation but sanctioned sometimes as exclamatory by common usage or depending on context. They are termed in Arabic 'sama؟ii' as shown in the following: the use of the masdar 'subħan' with the Name of Allah to express surprise or astonishment or as indicated in the Qu'ran with the addition of the word 'rab' with the genitive first person pronoun annexed to it 'Rabbi': Qul subħaana Rabbi hal Kuntu illa bašarar rasuula (Qur'an:17- 93) All extolement be to my Lord! Have I been anything except a mortal as messenger? (Ghali, 2008: 291) This word 'subħaan' is used in prayers to glorify God The use of some idiomatic verbs in an exclamatory sense like: 'qutel and kabur Fa-qutela kayfa qaddar θumma qutela kayfa qaddar (Qur'an:74: 19/ 20) So, may he be slain, how he determined! Again, may he be slain, how he determined! (Ghali, 2008: 576) qutela al-?insan ma ?akfarah (Qur'an: 80- 17) slain be man, how disbelieving he is! (Ghali, 2008: 585) kaburat kalema-tan taxruju min ?fwahi-him (Qur'an:18: 5) An odious word it is coming out of their mouths. (Ghali, 2008: 294) In his interpretation of the glorious Qur'an, Attabari comments that the verb here equals the Arabic prototypical exclamative: ?akber biha kalema how odious this word is! They claim that Allah has a son. Aššurawy comments that the verb kabur means ؟aðuma wa tanaha fi el-؟iðam, it is so odious that it has reached an extreme point on the scale of atheism. Many other formulaic expressions are used interjectionally (Haywood & Nahmad, 1965: 446). For example: La ?elah-a ?ela ?ant subħanak (Qur'an:21- 87) There is no god except You. All extolement be to You! (Ghali, 2008: 329) Ma؟aaz allah ?inn-a-hu rabb-i ?aħsan-a maθway(12-23) Allah be my refuge! Surely He is my Lord who has given me the fairest lodging. (Ghali, 2008: 238) Haša li-lah ma ؟alemna ؟alyhi men suu? (Qur'an:12- 51) Allah forbid! In no way do we know any odious (deeds) against him. (Ghali, 2008: 241) Some swear words are also used exclamatorily. When two friends negotiate after being judged one to heaven and the other to hell, the former sees the latter's place. Then, he exclaims Tallah-i in kedt-a laturd-iin (Qur'an:37- 56) By Allah, decidedly you were almost about to topple me down indeed. (Ghali, 2008: 448) It is a swear word used to express surprise as pointed out by Al- Fayd l-kašany in his interpretation of the Qur'an. It is commented by Ghali (2008: 448) that tallahi is a stronger oath than the usual wallahi. Moreover, the word rada, besides meaning perish, indicates a fall into the void or a deep well. It means a fatal falling down,i. e. leading certainly to death.Thus, it is higher on the semantic scale of falling down than waqa؟ , saqat or hawa (all meaning 'to fall' with scalar difference). Rosengren (1997 qtd. in Beijar (2002) shows that: the exclamatory/emotive function of exclamatives is triggered by the sentence mood, the propositional properties, and the stress pattern. The proposition is described as a predicate inducing a scale of some sort: DEGREE or QUANTITY. Generally, a speaker is expected to produce a proposition of a certain value on some scale, that is, a proposition in accordance with the norm in question. Believers, when contemplate the great creation of heavens and nature, they exclaim: Rabba-na ma xalaqt-a haza batil-an subhana-k (Qur'an:3- 191) Our Lord, in no way have You created this untruthfully. All extolement be to You! (Ghali, 2008: 75) When believers are judged to paradise, they exclaim: Al-hamd-u lilah-i lazy sadaqana wa؟d-a-h (Qur'an:39- 74) Praise be to Allah Who has sincerely (made good) His promise to us (Ghali, 2008: 466) This is an expression of great joy and high elation. tải về 54.19 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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