Exclamation in English and Arabic: a contrastive Study dr. Nadia Amin Hasan
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Exclamation in English and Arabic A Cont
| particle 'ma' and the use of '?ay'. The particle ma refers to something wondrous. It is used in various verses of the Qur'an:
Fa-?awħa ?ila ؟abdihi ma ?awħa (Qur'an: 53- 10) Then He revealed to His bondman what He revealed (Ghali, 2008 : 526) Iz jağša assedrata ma jağša (Qur'an:53:16) As that which envelops did envelop the lote-tree! (Ghali, 2008 : 526) Ašša؟rawy comments on the two verses above saying that the particle ma indicates bewildering numerousness and abundance; i.e. Allah has revealed to the prophet many miraculous things beyond human expectations and belief. Moreover, the lote tree is enveloped by astonishing creatures known only by God. Another example: al- qaari؟aa ma l-qaari؟aa (Qur'an:101:1/2) The smiter! What is the smiter? (Ghali, 2008 : 600) li-?ay yawmin ?ujila-t (Qur'an: 77: 12) To whichever day is( this) term appointed? (Ghali, 2008: 580) Wright (1964:316)states that the interrogative pronoun ?ay serves to express astonishment, in which case it may always be put in the masculine singular and the noun which it governs in the genitive is undefined. For example: je?tani bi-rajul-in ?ay-u rajul ! You‟ve brought me a man, how great he is! 2- Another common exclamation type is realized by the use of vocatives. It is expressed by the particle 'yaa' and '?ayuha' for masculine or ?ayatuha' for feminine. Then, a noun in the nominative with the article follows as in: Yaa ?ayyuha at-telmiiz O you student! It may be followed by a noun without the article if the person addressed is present If the person addressed is absent, the noun is put in the accusative as in: Yaa ğafilan (Haywood & Nahmad, 1965: 444) O careless! In standard Arabic 'some vocative nouns of an idafa construction' (Ryding: 170-1) are used to express feelings of astonishment 'e.g. yaa-salam or of bereavement and loss 'e.g. yaa-xasara'. Or the vocative as used in the Qur'an Ya-bušra ! haza ğulam! (Qur'an:12-19} What good tidings! Here is this youth! (Ghali, 2008: 237) Exclamation of this type may also use the preposition 'l-' [pronounced with fatħa] in addition to a definite noun in the genitive case. yalalmaskiin! O the poor man! Yaalal?asaf! How unfortunate! The preposition 'l-' is sometimes followed by a pronominal suffix to indicate the exclamatory object. It should be followed then by the preposition min and an indefinite noun. Yaalaka min jaban! O what a coward you are! Wa ya nukraha min saa؟a ħiin ؟ ada aššayx wa qad wara ibnatahu fi tturaab (Taha Hussein, 2010: 41) What evil hour it was when the old man went home after he had buried his daughter! Some vocatives are used as part of some formulaic exclamatory expressions. As indicated in the quran in sura al-kahf (or the Cave) Yaa-waylatana mali haza al-kitabi la yuğaderu sağyratan (Qur'an: 18-49} Oh woe to us! How is it with this book that it leaves out nothing, small or great, except that it has enumerated it? (Ghali, 2008: 299) tải về 54.19 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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