Exclamation in English and Arabic: a contrastive Study dr. Nadia Amin Hasan
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Exclamation in English and Arabic A Cont
| Fa-lamma Qudy-ya wall-au ?ila qawm-i-him Munzer-iin (Qur'an: 46- 29)
Then as soon as it finished, they turned back to their people, constantly warning. (Ghali, 2008: 506) An emphasis enough that their running away is an expression of their surprise over what they have heard is their statement in sura al-jin Inna same؟na qura'an-an ؟ajaba (Qur'an: 72- 1) Surely we have heard a wonderous Qur'an. (Ghali, 2008: 572) Some particular constructions are used to conjure up some exclamatory meanings like wa law tara meaning there is nothing like this you will ever see or hear! Wa-law tara iz faze؟-u fa-la fawt (34: 51) And if you could see them as they get alarmed: so there is no eluding. (Ghali, 2008: 434) What is observed here is that it is a conditional sentence without its apodosis. Ašša؟rawy, in his interpretation of the Qur'an, states that the then clause of this conditional sentence is dispensed with because it is implied. The meaning indicated is 'if you behold them, Muhammad, when they are in such a fright on the Day of Judgment, you will see something extraordinarily astonishing that will comfort your heart. They will be punished in return for their blasphemy and disbelief. O behold them! How frightened they are when they hear the call for resurrection from which there is no escape! Wa-law tara iz eðalim-uun mauquf-uun ؟end-a rabb-i-him yarje؟u badihim ?ila ba؟din el-qawl (34: 31) And if you could see as the unjust ones are being made to stand in the reckoning of their Lord, bandying argument the one against the other! (Ghali, 2008:431) O behold them! When they are brought over on the Day of Judgement and they stand in front of God helpless and unaided casting the blame on one another! Same as English, exclamation can be expressed by interjections which 'are called by the Arabs sounds or tones.' [Wright 1964: 294- vol. I]. They also co-occur with exclamations. Some of the interjections used in the Qur'an in an emotive sense and which have a verbal force are: Ha = look! Hayt = come here! Hayhat = far from it! Halum = bring here! Waa: waa ?slamah Way = woe! Way ka?anna allahu yabsut-u el-rizq-a li-man ya- šaa?u min ؟ebade-hi (Qur'an : 28- 82) Ah, actually Allah outspreads the provision to whomever He decides of H:is bondmen. (Ghali, 2008: 395) ?uff = ugh! Fie! In the qur'an we have in the story of the parents whose son denies them their Islam and resists being converted to Islam or believing in God. He exclaims in their face:?uff! Wa-llazi qala li-walid- ayhi ?uffin la-kuma (Qur'an : 46- 17) And he who say to his parents 'fie upon you both' (Ghali, 2008: 504) Tab-an! = death When the prophet called up the people of Mecca to inform them that he is the messenger of God to them, his uncle Abu-lahab exclaimed in his face: Taba-an la-k! ?a-li-haza jama؟ta-na Death to you! Have you gathered us to tell us this nonsense! Wright (1964: 296- vol.I) states that some interjections have, 'by origin or use, a certain verbal force and have therefore called ?asmaa? Al?f؟aal'. They are either originally imperatives, as 'hati' meaning give here or equivalent to imperatives and in some cases admitting its construction and inflection. For example ha may be joined by the pronominal suffixes of the second person. In which case it is equivalent to the imperative of '?axaza'. Hak-a-ha = take her! Or a hemza may be substituted for the 'k' and the word decline as follows: Singular masculine 'ha?a' and feminine 'ha?i' Dual 'ha?uma' Plural masculine 'ha?umu as in: 'ha?umu ?eqra?uu ketabyya' (Qur'an: 69-19) Here you are! Read my book (Ghali, 2008: 567) Exclamation in Arabic is expressed by many verbs involving the body (Levin's encoding of this class of verbs, 1993: 217) For example: Faskkat wajha-ha wa- qalat ؟ajuzun ؟ aqiim (Qur'an :51- 29) Then she beat her face and said 'an old sterile woman (Ghali, 2008:521) The act of striking the face with the hand is an indication enough that her astonishment is beyond expression. It is something unprecedented that couples who are far beyond the age of begetting have suddenly become expectant parents. Fa-?asbaha yuqalibu kaff-ay-hi ؟ala ma ?anfaqa fiha (Qur'an :18- 42) So in the morning, he became (remorseful) wringing his hands for what he expended upon it. (Ghali, 2008: 298) This is said by the owner of the garden that has been devastated for his refusal to give something out of it for the poor. When he saw it, he was stunned. He kept wringing his hand, which is an emphasis enough of surprise and astonishment. His story was mentioned in sura al kahf (the Cave). Another exclamatory act expressed by a body part verb is the movement of the head up and down. In the Qur'an we have: Fa-sa-yunğeduun ?elaika r?uus-a-hum wa-yaquluun mata huu (Qur'an: 17:51) Then, they will wag their heads at you and they will say ,"when will it be? Say, "it may be drawing near". (Ghali, 2008:287) The verb is derived from the root 'nğd' that means moving the head up and down as an act of amazement and surprise.(al- Mu؟jam al-wajiiz: 625) They do so because of what the prophet informs them of the certainty of resurrection. Fa-lamma ra?a-yna-hu ?kbar-na-hu wa-qata؟-na ?aydya-hun (Qur'an: 12- 31) So, as soon as they saw him, they were greatly amazed at him and cut their hands severely. (Ghali, 2008: 239) The Qur'an says that when the women saw the prophet Yousuf, they were amazed by his beauty. The degree of their surprise and involvement is expressed by the act of cutting off their fingers unaware of what they were doing. When the magicians are confronted by Moses by order of the pharaoh, his evidence [i.e. the stick that all of a sudden turned into a huge snake that swallows up all their tricks] outweighs their magical tricks. The magicians, amazed and bewildered, have nothing to do to express their amazement and their stunning sense of God's greatness but to prostrate humbly in self-abasement. No words are enough. The Qur'an says: Fa?ulqya as-saharatu sajed-iin (Qur'an : 26- 46) So the sorcerers were cast down, prostrating themselves. (Ghali, 2008: 369) ?iza yutla ؟alay-him ya-xer-uun lil-?azqani sujjadan (Qur'an :17-107) When it is recited to them, they collapse upon their face prostrating. (Ghali, 2008: 293) The extreme limit of their glorification to God's words is expressed by prostrating. Walla mudberan wa lam yu؟aqeb( Qur'an : 27- 9) He turned away withdrawing and did not retrace his steps. (Ghali, 2008: 377) Moses, when called by God in the Holy Land of Sinai to be sent as a messenger to the pharaoh, his first response is running away, an expression of great surprise and horror. Wa tara qula ummatin jaθya (Qur'an : 45- 28) And you will see every nation kneeling down (Ghali, 2008: 501) On the Day of Judgement, every nation is horrified. They kneel down in horror. The extent of their horror is expressed by kneeling down. Wa-tada؟u kulu zati ħamlin ħamla-ha wa tara annasa sukara wa ma hum bisukara wa lakin azaab-a alla-hi šadiid (Qur'an : 22- 2). And every pregnant female will lay down her burden; and you see mankind drunken, and in no way are they drunken but the torment of Allah is strict. (Ghali, 2008: 332) Every pregnant lady gives birth to her child, even if it is immature. tải về 54.19 Kb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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