ChuyêN ĐỀ I: pronunciation qui tắc cơ bản của việc phát âm các từ tận cùng với ‘s’, 'es
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NOTES: LƯU Ý: 1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp. Ex: The teacher punished me. I was punished by the teacher.
Ex: They built this bridge last year. Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt.
4. Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định. Ex: No one believes his story. His story isn’t believed.
Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle. Ex: I do my homework carefully. My homework is carefully done. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O Ex: I lent him money yesterday. He was lent money yesterday. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop. the gift was bought from that shop by Mary. III. MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT: 1. Verbs of opinion (Động từ chỉ ý kiến): say, think, believe, know, report, consider, expect, feel, hope, know, understand…
Ex. People say that he is a famous doctor.  It is said that he is a famous doctor.
He is said to be a famous doctor.
People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour. It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.
2. Causative forms(Thể nhờ bảo): have, get
Ex: 1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday. I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
2. I get her to make some coffee. I get some coffee made.
3. Verbs of perception (Động từ chỉ giác quan): see, hear, watch, smell… Active: S +see/ hear/ watch/ smell + O +Vo / V-ing Passive: S + be + seen/ heard/ watched/smelt + to Vo/ V-ing. Ex: They saw the man run away / They saw the man running away The man was seen to run away / The man was seen running away
Ex: Teacher make the students do a lot of homework. Students are made to do a lot of homework.
Ex: She lets her son play computer games on Sunday afternoon. Her son is allowed to play computer games on Sunday afternoon.
Ex: He needs you to believe his ability. He needs to be believed his ability. Ex: They need to repaint the house . The house needs repainting = The house needs to be repainted
Ex: I remember my mother taking me to school on the first day. I remember being taken to school on the first day by my mother.
Ex1: Keep your hand clean Let your hand be kept clean. Ex2: Don’t talk the secret to her. Don’t let the secret be talked to her.
Ex: It’s your duty to lock all the doors. You are supposed to lock all the doors.
1.They lost the key yesterday but it ………………………………………. A. has already found B. was found already C. has already been found D. found already 2. That part of the park ……………….several times this year . A. is repaired B. has repaired C. repaired D. has been repaired 3. A football team ……………….of eleven players. A. composes B. is composed C. has composed D. is composing 4. A lot of trees ……………..by the farmers for firewood A. were cut B. had been cut C. is cut D. have been cut 5. Most rice in Taiwain ………………………….from Viet Nam . A. is imported B. are imported C. was bought D. are bought 6. Tourists ……………………to have camp- fire in the forest . A. are threatened B. was banned C. are told D. are not allowed 7. What will happen if the air ………………………? A. was polluted B. be polluted C. is polluted D. has polluted 8. Most forests in other climatic areas…………………..by humanbeings A. had already been affected B. have already been affecting C. have already affected D. have already been affected 9. Water …………..held on land by vegetation A. were B. can be C. are D. have 10. He is introducing some new kinds os computers. A. Some new kinds of computers are introduced by him B. Some new kinds of computers is being introduced by him . C. Some new kinds of computers are being introduced by him D. Some new kinds of computers have been introduced by him 11. They are building a new zoo near my village . A. A new zoo is being built near my village B. A new zoo will be built near my village C. A new zoo is built near my village D. A new zoo is being building near my village 12. Most of work on the farm today …………………………………by machine A. are done B. done C. is done D. used to done 13. Fowls …………….into many countries because of the bird flu A. are imported B. is imported C.import D. aren’t imported 14. Apples ……………………..earlier than last year A. are picked B. have picked C. are picking D. are been picked 15. This room …………….. used only on special occations A. is B. are C. has D. have 16. The cattle ……………..driven out to the field every morning . A. are B. is C. be D. to be 17. Can you wait for some more minutes ? Your food ………………………………… A. is being prepared B. is prepared C. is going to prepare D. has to prepare 18. In story, the girl ……………by a bus . A. is knocking down B. is knocked down C. is knock down D. is being knock down 19. It’s 9 a.m now and the two burglars …………………at the police station A. are being questioned B. are questioning C. question D. are questioned 20. Bicyles …………………….in the country instead of public transport. A. are being widely use B. are widely use C. widely used D. are widely used Exercise 2 : Rewrite sentences
=> I…………………………………………………..
=> A lot of money………………………………………..
=> His story………………………………………………
=> The river bank …………………………………………
7. They can’t make tea with cold water .
8. People know that English is an international language. → It is known _____________________________________________ → English is known ________________________________________________ 9. They said that she won the competition. → _______________________________________________________________ → ______________________________________________________________ 10. They reported that the President had suffered a heard attack. → ______________________________________________________________ → _______________________________________________________________
- Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta phải tuân thủ theo một số qui luật sau: + Mệnh đề tường thuật thường được bắt đầu bằng That ( được hiểu ngầm ). + Thay đổi đại từ làm chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu cho thích hợp. + Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cần thiết.
This/ these That/ those Here There Now Then
Today That day Tomorrow The next (following) day Yesterday The day before Next week/year … The following week/ year … Last week/year … The privious week/ year … Following Previous EX1: “I like this dress”, she tells me She tells me (that) she likes that dress EX 2: “I will come here tomorrow”. She says She says (that) she will come there the following day. + Thay đổi thì trong mệnh đề tường thuật nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính dùng thì quá khứ đơn. (Động từ lùi về quá khứ một bậc so với động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp).
Simple present Simple past Present continuous Past continuous Simple past Past perfect Present perfect Past perfect Shall/ will Should/ would Can/ may Could/ might Future perfect Conditional perfect + Động từ ở mệnh đề chính dùng thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành hay tương lai đơn thì động từ ở mệnh đề tường thuật không thay đổi so với câu nói trực tiếp ). + Said to phải đổi thành told + Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép hoặc từ please nếu có.
She told me that he loved him. She tells me that he loves him. She has told me that he loves him. She will tell me that he loves him.
She said that she was unhappy. She says that she is unhapy. She has told me that she is unhappy. She will tell me that she is unhappy.
She told me that she was unhappy. b. Câu truyền khiến ( câu mệnh lệnh ) * Mệnh lệnh khẳng định: - Mệnh lệnh khẳng định được bắt đầu bằng một động từ nguyên mẫu không to ( without to ). - Các động từ ask, tell, order, command, advise, remind… thường được dùng trong mệnh đề chính. - Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép và từ please, dear nếu có. - Đổi mệnh lệnh khẳng định sang câu tường thuật mệnh lệnh khẳng định, mệnh đề diễn tả mệnh lệnh bắt đầu bằng To Infinitive. - Mọi bước tiến hành theo qui tắc chung ( thay đổi trạng từ, tân ngữ, thì .. nếu cần thiết ). EX: 1. “ Come in please”, she says She tells me to come in. 2. “Stand up and answer my question”, the teacher tells him. The teacher asks him to stand up and answer her question 3. “Sit down and think about your mistakes”, the mother told to the boy. The mother told to him to sit down and think about his mistakes. * Mệnh lệnh phủ định: - Mệnh lệnh phủ định bắt đầu bằng Don’t và một động từ. - Mệnh đề diễn tả mệnh lệnh phủ định bắt đầu bằng Not/ Never + To Infinitive. - Các bước khác làm giống như câu tường thuật mệnh lệnh khẳng định. EX 1: “Don’t cry more, dear”, she said to her daughter. She told to her daughter not to cry more. 2. “Don’t talk too much in class”, the teacher tells the pupils. The teacher asks her pupils not to talk too much in class. c. Câu nghi vấn: * Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi ( Wh – H ): what, where, when, why, who, which,how. - Dùng các động từ: asked, wondered, inqiured, wanted to know trong mệnh đề chính của câu tường thuật. - Không cần sử dụng That trong mệnh đề tường thuật. - Mệnh đề tường thuật bắt đầu bằng từ để hỏi. - Không đảo ngược chủ ngữ và động từ sau từ để hỏi, không có dấu hỏi chấm ở cuối câu. - Các bước khác làm theo như qui tắc chung (thay đổi trạng từ, tân ngữ, thì … nếu cần thiết). EX 1: He asked me :“Why are you so sad ?” Wh - V - S He asked me why I was so sad. Wh - S - V He wanted to know why I was so sad. Wh - S - V 2. He asked me: “ where are you from?”. He asked me where I was from. Wh – S - V
- Mệnh đề tường thuật bắt đầu bằng If hoặc whether. - Không dùng các trợ động từ (do, does, did ) trong mệnh đề tường thuật. - Không đảo ngược chủ ngữ và động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật, không có dấu hỏi - Các bước khác làm giống như câu hỏi với từ để hỏi.
Do - S - Inf He asked her if she loved him. If - S - V He wanted to know whether she loved him. Whether - S - V 2: I asked her: “ Can you finish the work earlier?”. Mod V- S - Inf I asked her if she could finish the work earlier. If- S - Mod V- Inf
Lời nói có liên quan đến hành động (lời hứa, lời đồng ý, mệnh lệnh, lời đề nghị, lời yêu cầu, lời khuyên và lời gợi ý) thường được thuật lại bằng động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to-infinitive) hoặc tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu (O + to-infinitive)
Không dùng to-inf sau một số động từ giới thiệu như: advise, insist, order, say, suggest… mà dùng that-clause. Ex: He said: “Let’s go out for dinner.” He suggested that we (should) go out for dinner. Trong tiếng Anh thân mật chúng ta có thể dùng say + to-inf trong câu tường thuật. Ex: “I put the key on the shelf”, Nam said. Nam said to put the key on the shelf.
Ex: I said: “Can you show me the way to use this camera, Jim?” I asked Jim how to use that camera.
Mệnh đề danh động từ (-ing clause) có thể được dùng thay cho mệnh đề that (that-clause) trong lời nói gián tiếp sau các động từ giới thiệu: accuse of, admit, advise, apologise for, deny, dream of, insist on, look forward to, mention, propose, prevent, recommend, report, suggest, think of… Ex: “You stole my pen”. He accused me of stealing his pen. (He accused that I had stolen/ stole his pen) Một số động từ được theo sau bởi O + preposition + V-ing: accuse (of), congratulate (on), forgive (for), prevent (from), stop (from), suspect (of), thank (for), warn (against) Ex: “You shouldn’t buy a car.” They warned us against buying a car.
singer.
* Exercises: Change these sentences into Reported Speech: EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS) 1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock” ……………………………………...…………………………………………………………… 2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week” …………………………………………….……………………………………………………… 3. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks” …………………………………………………………………..………………………………… 4. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully” …………………………………………….……………………………………………………… 5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend” ………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… 6. Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer” ………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… 7. The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. She said “She doesn’t buy this book” …………………………………………….……………………………………………………… 9. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter ….……………………………………………………………………………. 2. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan …..……………………………………………………………………………. 3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend …………………………………………..………………………………………………………… 6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter ………………………………………..…………………………………………………………… 7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?” ……………………………………..……………………………………………………………… 9. “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu …………………………………………………..………………………………………………… 10. “Were you reading this book at 8 o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba …………………………………………………………….……………………………………… Каталог: thd thd -> PHÒng giáo dục và ĐÀo tạO thd -> Tuần 1: Thứ năm ngày 27 tháng 8 năm 2015 thd -> [1] Internet caên baûN – Vöông Trí Hieáu, ttñt- ñhbk (1998) Chöông 1: GiÔÙi thieäu Internet thd -> Quy chế LẤY Ý kiếN Điều Quy định chung tải về 0.53 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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This bridge was built last year (by them)
