ChuyêN ĐỀ I: pronunciation qui tắc cơ bản của việc phát âm các từ tận cùng với ‘s’, 'es

• 
  Notes: Không được dùng That trong mệnh đề quan hệ có dấu phẩy
  
• 
  Khái quát các trường hợp nên và không nên dùng That:
  

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP DÙNG THAT	CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG DÙNG THAT
Danh từ phía trước chỉ cả người lẫn vật (hỗn từ) Ex: I see the girl anh her dog that are running in the park.	Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (có dấu phẩy)
Sau cấu trúc so sánh nhất: The most The best & adj + est… + THAT + . . . The lest	Không dùng That khi có giới từ ở phía trước (in, on, at, of,…)
Sau các từ chỉ số thứ tự: The first, The second, The third, the last, the only,…	Không dùng That khi nó thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước, mà dùng Which để thay thế. Ex: It rained all day, which was a pity.
Sau các đại từ bất định: Someone, anybody, nothing, any thing, something, noone,… Và sau các đại từ: “all, much, any, few, some, little, none”	Không dùng That với các từ chỉ lượng có giới từ đi kèm (neither of, most of, all of, none of, many of, a lot of,…)

• Sau Where luôn luôn là một mệnh đề (S + V)

• Sau Which là một động từ. (Which + V)

WHEN: Trạng từ quan hệ thay cho danh từ chỉ thời gian. (time, day, year,..)

Ex: I remember the day when I won the game.

(Tôi nhớ cái ngày mà tôi đã thắng trò chơi ấy)

WHY: Trạng từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ lý do hay nguyên nhân, thường có “cause”, “reason” “a reason” hay “the reason”

Ex: She didn’t tell me the reason why she left me.

(Cô ấy đã không nói cho tôi lý do tại sao cô ấy rời bỏ tôi)

Ex:That is the reason why I didn’t come to the party yesterday.

III. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

1. 
   Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses)
   

 Ta gọi mệnh đề who met me at the airport là mệnh đề quan hệ xác định vì nó rất cần thiết để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho chủ ngữ The man. Nếu không có nó, câu trên sẽ rất mơ hồ vì ta không biết The man là người đàn ông nào cả.

2. 
   Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non – defining clauses)
   

• Mệnh đề này không được dùng “That”

• Cách nhận diện mặt hàng:

+ Chủ ngữ là danh từ riêng (Proper noun) hoặc danh từ chỉ vật duy nhất.

+ Dùng cho các Tính từ sở hữu: His, her, my, your, their

+ Đại từ chỉ định: This, That, These, Those

 Ta gọi mệnh đề who wrote “Romeo & Juliet” là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định vì nó chỉ bổ sung nghĩa cho chủ ngữ Shakespeare, nếu bỏ nó đi câu vẫn đầy đủ nghĩa.

• Dùng cho các đại từ trong câu chủ động. Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ (nếu có) và đưa động từ chính trong câu về dạng nguyên mẫu (Infinitive) rồi sau đó thêm đuôi “_ing”

• 
  The man sitting to you is my uncle.
  

• 
  Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
  

• Dùng cho các động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ và bắt đầu cụm từ bằng past participle (V3)

The books written by To Hoai are interesting.

The students punished by the teacher are lazy.

The house built now belongs to Mr. Pike.

Exercise 1

1. Sunday is the day______ I go to Water park with my kinds.

a. when b. where c. why d. which

2. Do you know the reason______ 006 was killed?

a. when b. where c. why d. which

3. That was the reason______ he didn’t marry her.

a. when b. where c. why d. which

4. An architect is someone______ deigns buildings.

a. who b. whom c. which d. whose

5. The boy to______ I lent my money is poor.

a. that b. whom c. who d. which

6. The land and the people______ I have met are nice.

a. who b. whom c. that d. which

7. Did you ever find out______ penetrated in your house last month?

a. who b. whom c. that d. which

8. The year______ the first man traveled in space will never be forgotten.

a. which b. that c. when d. where

9. I cannot tell you all______ I heard.

a. Which b. that c. as d. because

10. I can answer the question______ you day is very difficult.

a. which b. whom c. who d. whose

11. We saw the girl______ you say is beautiful.

a. which b. whom c. who d. whose

12. This is the place______ the battle took place ten years ago.

a. which b. in where c. where d. from where

13. Sunday is the day______ which we usually go fishing.

a. during b. at c. in d. on

14. The person______ you want to see is not her.

a. who b. whom c. whose d. which

15. This is the last time______ I speak to you

a. of which b. that c. who d. whose

16. He talked about the books and the authors______ interested him.

a. who b. that c. which d. whom

17. He talked about the books and the authors______ interested him.

a. who b. that c. which d. whom

18. You know your lesson______ surprises me.

a. who b. which c. that d. no word is needed

19. Bondi is the beautiful beach______ I used to sunbathe.

a. when b. where c. which d. why

20. Dec 26th, 2005 was the day______ the terrible tsunami happened

a. when b. where c. why d. which

1. The lock has now been repaired. It was broken

--> .......................................................................

2. Most of the people are very nice. They work in Peter's office.

--> .......................................................................

3. What is the name of the boy? He telephoned you.

--> .......................................................................

4. What's happened to the money? It was on my desk

--> ................................................................................

5. He's the man. He painted my house.

--> ................................................................................

6.This is the place. The accident occurred there.

--> ................................................................................

7.The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.

--> ................................................................................

8.The police never found the money. It was stolen in the robbery.

-> ................................................................................

9.People have marched to London. They are protesting against pollution.

--> ................................................................................

10.The vegetables are grown without chemicals. They are sold in supermarket.

--> ................................................................................

11.Threre was a big red car. It had been parked outside the house.

--> ................................................................................

12.There were some children. They were swimming in the river.

--> ................................................................................

13,A chemical company has gone bankrupt. It employed 4,000 people.

--> ................................................................................

14. 
    7.05 is the time. My plane arrives at that time.
    

14. 
    A café is a small restaurant. People can get a light meal there.
    

- at 4 o’clock, at 5 pm	- at last/ first
- at night/ noon/ midnight	- at the moment
- at Christmas, at Easter	- at present
- at once - at the age of - at sunset/ sunrise	- at weekends - at the same time

- at home/ school/ work - at the theatre - at the seaside

- at the corner of the street - at the grocer’

- at the doctor’s - at the shop

- at the top - at the bottom - at the foot of the page

- at the biginning of/ at the end of:

- (To arrive) at the airport/ rainway station.

IN:

a. For time:

- In ®­îc dïng tr­íc n¨m, th¸ng, mïa, buæi (trõ at night, at noon).

- In time: ®óng giê.

- In: ë trong in the living room/ in the box.

- In ®­îc dïng tr­íc c¸c thµnh phè, ®Êt n­íc, miÒn, ph­¬ng h­íng: in London, in Hanoi, in France, in the east ........

- in the street/ sky - in my opinion - in good/ bad weather

- in the newspaper - in the middle of - in English/ German

- in the rain/ sun - in the dark - in + time (in 2 days)

- in the water/ river/ sea - in a line/ queue - in a picture/ mirror/ photo

- in bed/ hospital/ prison - in the end: (cuối cùng) - in love with

- On ®­îc dïng tr­íc thø (ngµy trong tuÇn) eg. on Sunday

- On ®­îc dïng tr­íc ngµy th¸ng eg. on August 12^th

- On time : ®óng giê (chÝnh x¸c)

- On Christmas day

- On holiday/ on a trip/ on a tour

- On the occasion of: nh©n dÞp

b. For places:

- On : ë trªn eg. on the table - on the phone

- On horseback: trªn l­ng ngùa - on a diet

- On foot : b»ng ch©n (®i bé) - on fire

- On TV / on radio - on the left/ right

- On the beach - on the 1^st floor

- By ®­îc dïng trong c©u bÞ ®éng nghÜa lµ ‘bëi’.

- By ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ ph­¬ng tiÖn ®i l¹i (by bike, by car.....)

- By the time : tr­íc khi

- By chance : t×nh cê

- Learn by heart: häc thuéc lßng

- TO th­êng ®­îc dïng sau ®éng tõ GO (go to the cinema..... nh­ng GO HOME).

- TO th­êng ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù di chuyÓn : My father takes me to the cinema.

Marry invited me to her birthday party.

INTO:

- INTO cã nghÜa lµ vµo trong, ®­îc dïng sau c¸c ®éng tõ : GO, PUT, GET, FALL (r¬i ng·), JUMP (nh¶y),

COME ......

eg. go into the room, get into the train, put the pen into the bag, fall into the river, jump into the river and swim, come into the house.....

- INTO cßn ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù thay ®æi cña ®iÒu kiÖn hoÆc kÕt qu¶:

The rain changed into snow.

OUT OF: ra khái.

eg. He came out of the house./ He is looking out of the window.

- With: cã nghÜa lµ cã, mang, cïng: eg. A girl with blue eyes./ a coat with two pockets.

- With: ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ mét c«ng cô, ph­¬ng tiÖn.

He’s writing with a pen

- With: ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù liªn hÖ hoÆc ®ång hµnh, cã nghÜa ‘ cïng víi’

- With: cßn cã nghÜa lµ ‘víi’ Do you agree with me?

- Under: cã nghÜa lµ ë d­íi, ®Ó chØ vÞ trÝ phÝa d­íi mét vËt. eg. The cat is under the table.