02 Contents Frame
tải về 0.57 Mb. Chế độ xem pdf
|
40 2019 ND-CP 413905
| Sustainable agriculture
Expanding populations exerting increased pressures upon limited land resources have been evoking global concern. International recognition of the fact that environmental protection and natural resources management must be integrated with socio-economic issues of poverty and underdevelopment culminated in the 1992 Earth Summit (UNCED 1993). This idea had been captured in the definition of sustainable development by the World Commission on Environment and Development (the Bruntland Commission): “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Bruntland 1987, p. 43). The concept of sustainability now underlies most policy documents outlining strategies of future land resources management. The subscription of all political leaders to Agenda 21 (UNCED 1993) endorsed an integrated approach to attaining the desirable goal of sustainable development. The sustainability agenda seeks to integrate ecological, social and economic concerns into decision-making at both national and global policy level (Pearce et al., 1991; Dovers et al., 1996). Sustainable development is expressed by the pseudo-equation ‘Sustainable development = sustainable agriculture + rural development’ (Choudhury and Jansen 1998), and is defined as the management and conservation of the natural resource base and the orientation of technological and institutional change in such a manner as to ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations. Such sustainable development (in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries) conserves land, water, and plant and animal genetic resources, is environmentally non- degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable (FAO 1995a). In response to sustainable development, integrated natural resources management (INRM) aims at the responsible and broad-based management of the land, water, forest and biological resource base needed to sustain agricultural productivity and avert degradation of potential productivity (TAC 1996). Land resources management is an important component within INRM, where land resources refer to the combined resources of terrain, soil and vegetation. The global concern with land resources is sustainability. In developed countries, the primary concern is the preservation of nature and the reduction of pollution, whereas policies in developing countries emphasize the sustainable development of land resources primarily for food production and security. Pressures upon the land in rural areas may lead to various forms of decline such as soil degradation, desertification, deforestation or loss of biodiversity (ECOSOC 1995; Hurni 1996). The recognition of environmentally damaging land development practices has led to the development of methods for global monitoring of land resources and their management (Smyth et al., 1993; Pieri et al., 1995; OECD 1997). tải về 0.57 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
|