02 Contents Frame
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40 2019 ND-CP 413905
- Điều hướng trang này:
- Cross-sectoral approach
| Participatory methods
Stakeholder participation, local knowledge and sustainability have become increasingly important concepts in the history of development-oriented research in agriculture. Perhaps a major disadvantage remains the generation of large sets of mostly qualitative data and the long-term research process. However, methods such as rapid and participatory rural appraisal (McCracken et al., 1988; Pretty et al., 1995) have addressed the latter and attained a balance between speed and depth of agro-ecosystem or farming system analysis. Participatory methods have also been evaluated positively as problem identification methods in a developed country context, e.g. in Australia (Ison and Ampt 1992), Switzerland (Chambers 1992b), UK (Wild and Marshall 1999) and USA (Dlott et al., 1994). The methods enforced closer links between researchers and farmers in order to, inter alia, determine possibilities for future agronomic research and achieve sustainable use of land and water resources at the local level (Chamala and Mortiss 1990; Dlott et al., 1994; Webber and Ison 1995). Stakeholder participation has helped to achieve environmental planning and management at the catchment level and facilitated the identification and introduction of sustainable land management practices (Selin and Chavez 1995; Curtis and Lockwood 2000), e.g. in New Zealand (Bosch et al., 1996) and Canada (Robinson 1997). Each participatory method draws on a number of techniques in order to involve the different stakeholders, providing guiding principles on how the techniques are used. Research methods developed under various schools of thoughts have resulted in a wide choice of tools that can be used to involve different stakeholders (Chapter 4). Cross-sectoral approach The principle of integrating a particular policy with other policy areas is a relatively new concept. The integration of multiple policies has been examined through the analysis of cross-sectoral linkages. In environmental policy, integration of the environment into sectoral policies and activities are key issues, and sectoral integration is perceived as a crucial strategy to achieve sustainable development. Land use and sustainable land use are subject to influences of external policies that may exceed the effects resulting from policy within the sector itself. Land use and particularly sustainable land use is a multi-dimensional development issue that needs cross-sectoral, integrated approaches. Understanding the nature of major cross-sectoral linkages affecting land use leads to the identification of priority areas for attention and harmonized action with respect to the influence of policies. However, beyond a general recognition of their importance there has been limited systematic analysis on cross- sectoral linkages related to sustainable land use. Land evaluation – towards a revised framework 26 The main external influences on sustainable land use are related to macro-economic policies, agricultural policies, rural development and poverty alleviation, trade and infrastructure, the environment and conservation of natural resources, energy and industry policies, tourism and recreation and the role of governance and institutions. This list is not exhaustive and can be adapted according to the context. Based on the characterization of the main sectoral linkages, a further analysis should be conducted. tải về 0.57 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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