02 Contents Frame
Decision-making levels and scales
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40 2019 ND-CP 413905
| Decision-making levels and scales
Two types of scaling are distinguished: horizontal scaling out and vertical scaling up. Horizontal scaling out is the quantitative expansion and increased geographic coverage of participatory land evaluations. It involves repeating studies in other places, so that the methodology attains regional or even national significance. Vertical scaling up implies changes in institutional arrangements and policies in order to encourage the use of participatory approaches in land use planning programmes. Different stakeholders, such as extension officers, policy makers, are involved at different levels. At national level, new data needs arise, which should be integrated with other data sources into geographical information systems in order to allow easy updating. Effective local management and application may require interventions at higher institutional levels and promotion of organizational policy change. The stronger the action at higher Chapter 3 – Expansion of concepts and definitions 27 institutional levels (vertical scaling up) the greater the chances for horizontal spread; likewise, the wider the geographic spread (horizontal scaling out), the greater the chances of influencing those at higher levels. Different environmental factors act and interact at different scales. Decision making at each level influences, for example, soil erosion processes in a given area, and requires an integrated research and policy-making programme to ensure better land management. At plot scale, individuals are concerned with their land. Hence, their measures may concentrate on controlling inter-rill and rill erosion by improved farming practices. At the village and regional scale, community and state efforts tend to be crisis management, repairing damaged infrastructure and protecting vulnerable points from further gully and ravine erosion. The challenge for future work will be to unravel the complex linkages between the different factors and actors influencing land degradation processes such as soil erosion at the various scales and levels. tải về 0.57 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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